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咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤水鹽分布與玉米吸水規(guī)律研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51679239、51909265),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金創(chuàng)新研究群體延續(xù)資助項(xiàng)目(51621061)和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)對(duì)口支援科研合作基金項(xiàng)目(2019TC157)


Soil Moisture and Saline Distribution Characteristics and Maize Stem Water Uptake under Alternate Irrigation between Saline Water and Groundwater
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    摘要:

    為探明不同礦化度微咸水和地下水在不同交替灌溉方式下對(duì)土壤水鹽分布和玉米吸水規(guī)律的影響,,采用3種礦化度(2.0、3.5,、5.0g/L)微咸水和地下水(1.1g/L)在2種交替灌溉方式(“地下水-微咸水”,、“地下水-微咸水-微咸水”)下進(jìn)行了大田試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,,在同一土壤深度下,,土壤含水率和電導(dǎo)率隨著微咸水礦化度升高而升高,“地下水-微咸水-微咸水”交替灌溉方式下的含水率和電導(dǎo)率較高,;在不同時(shí)期各處理的土壤縱向含水率均表現(xiàn)出先下降,、后上升的規(guī)律,在拔節(jié)期和抽穗期各處理的土壤縱向電導(dǎo)率表現(xiàn)出先下降,、后上升的規(guī)律,,在灌漿期表現(xiàn)出上升、下降,、再上升的規(guī)律,。通過氫氧穩(wěn)定同位素分析得出,不同礦化度微咸水和不同交替灌溉方式組合下,,玉米在拔節(jié)期,、抽穗期和灌漿期的主要吸水深度分別為:0~20cm,、20~40cm和0~20cm,不同時(shí)期主要吸水深度的平均貢獻(xiàn)率隨著微咸水礦化度的升高而減小,,“地下水-微咸水-微咸水”交替灌溉方式的平均貢獻(xiàn)率較低,。礦化度2.0g/L微咸水與地下水在“地下水-微咸水”的交替灌溉方式下得到的產(chǎn)量最高,達(dá)到1.54kg/m2

    Abstract:

    The objective was to provide a scientific basis for using saline water for irrigation more effectively and reasonably. It was focused on the effects of two types of alternate irrigation regimes (alternating groundwater and saline water (GW-SW), and alternating groundwater, followed by two cycles of saline water (GW-SW-SW)) between three levels of irrigation water salinity (i.e. mineralization of 2.0g/L, 3.5g/L and 5.0g/L) and groundwater (1.1g/L) on soil moisture and saline distribution. The maize stem water uptake was investigated by detecting the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of soil water and maize stem water, and the maize yield was calculated. The results showed that with the same depth of soil, soil moisture and EC were increased with the increase of irrigation water salinity, and were higher in the GW-SW-SW regime. The trend of soil moisture as depth increasing for all treatments at different periods were similar, but it was decreased at shallow depth and then increased at deep depth. The trend of soil EC as depth increasing for all treatments at the jointing and heading stage were similar to that of soil moisture; however, at the filling stage, the trend of soil EC as depth increasing for all treatments, it was increased at shallow depth, and then decreased as depth became deeper, and finally increased at deep depth. Based on the interception of curves for δ18O in soil water and maize stem water as shown, the specific soil depth values of maize stem water sources for each treatment were from 20.1cm to 26.1cm at the jointing stage, from 24.1cm to 63.0cm at the heading stage and from 11.0cm to 63.9cm at the filling stage, respectively. Except for the jointing stage, there were more than one soil depths for maize stem water sources for most treatments at the heading and filling stages. Based on the multiple linear mixed model (IsoSource), the main water absorption depths for all treatments were 0~20cm, 20~40cm and 0~20cm with the average contribution rate ranging from 33.9% to 51.0%, 27.4% to 83.0% and 32.0% to 80.6% at the jointing, heading and filling stages, respectively. The average contribution rate of the main water absorption depth in all periods was decreased with the increase of irrigation water salinity, and the average contribution rate of the GW-SW-SW regime was lower. The 2.0g/L salinity under the GW-SW regime showed the highest yield of 1.54kg/m2, which was 26.23% higher than the lowest yield in the 5.0g/L salinity under the GW-SW-SW regime. 

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楊培嶺,王瑜,任樹梅,魏琛琛,賀新,徐子昂.咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤水鹽分布與玉米吸水規(guī)律研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(6):273-281. YANG Peiling, WANG Yu, REN Shumei, WEI Chenchen, HE Xin, XU Ziang. Soil Moisture and Saline Distribution Characteristics and Maize Stem Water Uptake under Alternate Irrigation between Saline Water and Groundwater[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):273-281.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-06-10
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