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模塊化大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機設計與試驗
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山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019GNC106148)、山東省農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃項目(2016YF043)和山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2019PEE026)


Design and Experiment of Modularized Garlic Combine Harvester
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    摘要:

    為提高大蒜收獲機對不同種植模式,、不同行距大蒜機械化收獲的適應性,,設計了集扶禾,、破土,、輸送,、斷秧,、集果于一體的大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機,,并對其關鍵功能部件進行了深入研究,。將扶禾,、起送蒜、破土,、齊蒜斷秧等大蒜收獲所必需的功能集中設置,,構建相對獨立的收獲單元功能模塊。用戶可根據(jù)需要加掛收獲單元功能模塊,,配合輸送單元,,實現(xiàn)1~n行大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機的自由組合。同時,,收獲單元功能模塊之間間距可在0~300mm或更大范圍內無級調整,,實現(xiàn)70~420mm之間不同行距大蒜的機械化收獲。建立了大蒜拉拔力理論分析模型,,在對影響因素研究的基礎上,,得到了結構參數(shù)對拉拔力影響的規(guī)律。試驗表明,,拉拔力隨大蒜假莖包角增加而增大,;當同步帶張緊力超過2800N時,,同步帶所提供的拉拔力大于松土后大蒜所需拉拔力,可保證大蒜拉拔收獲順利完成,。建立了破土力理論分析模型,,得到了箭鏟入土角、箭鏟入土深度,、整機前進速度等參數(shù)對破土力的影響規(guī)律,。正交試驗結果表明:入土深度、土壤濕度對箭鏟破土力影響顯著,;當土壤濕度為30%,、入土深度為80mm時,破土力為520N,。樣機田間試驗結果表明,,大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機的各項技術指標均滿足設計預期效果,大蒜收凈率為98.3%,、總損失率為3.5%,、生產(chǎn)率為0.14hm2/h。

    Abstract:

    Inorder to increase the adaptation of garlic harvester to different areas and row spacings, a kind of garlic combine harvester was designed and its key functional parts were also studied in depth. The garlic combine harvester was built by using modularization design methods. The independent harvesting function module had main functions of garlic harvesting such as garlic stem lifter, arrow shaped ripper, belt holding conveyor, garlic stem aligning and cutting device and garlic collector. A 1rowed to nrowed garlic combine harvester may be built by choosing the number of harvesting function module with different conveying units and chassises. At the same time, the spaces between the harvesting function modules may be changed steplessly from 0mm to 300mm, which will be suitable for 70~420mm rowspacing garlics mechanized harvesting. Based on the analyses of the influence factors, the garlic drawing forces’ theoretical model was bulit and its changing rule influenced by the structure parameters was also found out. And the experments proved that the drawing forces would be increased with the enlargement of the garlic stem contact angle which may be changed by the adjustment of the belt tension. The drawing force would be enough for the garlic harvesting after the soil ripping when the synchronous belt tension reached 2800N. Based on the soil ripping forces’ theoretical model, the changing rules influenced by the angle of the arrow shaped ripper to the ground, the penetrating depth of the ripper and the machine moving velocity were also researched in depth. Results of the orthogonal test showed that the penetrating depth of the ripper and the soil moisture content had significant influence on the soil ripping force. The soil ripping force was 520N as the penetrating depth of the ripper was 80mm and the soil moisture content was 30%. Field test results of prototype showed that the technical indicators of the garlic combine harvester met the expected results of design. Its harvesting rate was 98.3%, the loss coefficient which included the damaged and the lost garlic was 3.5% and the production efficiency of 1rowed harvester was 0.14hm2/h.

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趙東,蔡冬梅,秦理想,高祥,黃偉濤,劉承.模塊化大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(4):95-102. ZHAO Dong, CAI Dongmei, QIN Lixiang, GAO Xiang, HUANG Weitao, LIU Cheng. Design and Experiment of Modularized Garlic Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(4):95-102.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-04-10
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