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水平翻耕措施對(duì)覆膜滴灌土壤水鹽分布調(diào)控效果研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目(51790533)


Effect of Horizontal Tillage Measures Regulatory on Soil Water and Salt Distribution under Mulched Drip Irrigation
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    摘要:

    為探究水平翻耕措施對(duì)覆膜滴灌土壤水鹽分布的調(diào)控效果,,于2016—2017年和2019年分別在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)石河子及庫(kù)爾勒進(jìn)行室內(nèi)土槽試驗(yàn)和田間試驗(yàn),對(duì)應(yīng)用覆膜滴灌技術(shù)的土壤分別進(jìn)行水平翻耕(T)與免耕(NT)處理,室內(nèi)土槽試驗(yàn)主要研究翻耕措施對(duì)土壤水鹽分布的調(diào)控機(jī)理,田間試驗(yàn)主要進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)驗(yàn)證,以此分析水平翻耕措施對(duì)膜外土壤鹽分的改良作用,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:與免耕處理相比,水平翻耕可提高膜內(nèi)耕層土壤的蓄水能力,降低土壤水平滲吸能力及垂直擴(kuò)散能力,,翻耕處理的膜內(nèi)耕層土壤平均含水率比免耕處理高3.66個(gè)百分點(diǎn),耕層以下土壤的平均含水率比免耕處理低4.13個(gè)百分點(diǎn),;水平翻耕處理下的膜內(nèi)土壤鹽分分布受水分淋洗作用影響較大,,而膜外土壤鹽分分布主要受翻耕的影響,,其膜內(nèi)下層土壤總積鹽率是免耕處理的1.23倍,膜外土壤平均脫鹽區(qū)范圍比免耕處理深25cm,;首次翻耕對(duì)膜外土壤脫鹽效果最明顯,,春耕可使膜內(nèi)、外土壤鹽分分布均勻度提高,,翻耕處理的棉花總出苗率及總有效株占比率分別比免耕處理高23.62,、25.19個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。覆膜滴灌條件下,,滴灌淋洗和水平機(jī)械翻耕相結(jié)合相當(dāng)于綜合利用水利改良與客土改良治理土壤鹽堿化,,最終使覆膜滴灌技術(shù)產(chǎn)生的鹽分空間分布由早期的“膜外表聚型”逐漸向后期的“膜內(nèi)底聚型”轉(zhuǎn)變。研究結(jié)果可為解決膜下滴灌條件下膜外土壤鹽分表聚問(wèn)題提供思路,,同時(shí)也可為滴灌條件下翻耕措施的合理選擇提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effect of horizontal tillage measures on the regulation of water and salt distribution in mulched drip irrigation, indoor soil trough tests and field trials were carried out in Shihezi and Korla of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in 2016—2017 and 2019, respectively. The experiment designed horizontal tillage (T) and notillage (NT) treatment of soil by using mulched drip irrigation technology, indoor soil trough test was mainly used to research the regulation mechanism of soil water and salt distribution by tillage measures, and field test was mainly used for production. Verification was made to analyze the improvement effect of horizontal tillage measures on the soil salt outside the membrane. The result showed that compared with no-tillage treatment, horizontal tillage can increase the water storage capacity of soil beneath the film, reduce the soil horizontal infiltration capacity and vertical diffusion capacity, the average water content of innermembrane plowing layer with tillage treatment was 3.66 percentage points higher than that of the notillage treatment,but the average water content of the soil below the plowing layer was 4.13 percentage points lower than that of the notillage treatment. The distribution of soil salinity beneath the membrane under horizontal tillage treatment was greatly affected by water leaching, while the soil salt distribution outside the membrane was mainly affected by tillage, and the total salt accumulation rate in the deep layer beneath the membrane was 1.23 times of that of no-tillage treatment, the range of tillage treatment soil desalting area outside the membrane was 25cm deeper than that of no-tillage treatment;the first tillage had the most obvious desalination effect on the outside membrane soil, and the spring tillage can make the distribution of soil salinity beneath and outside the membrane more uniform, the cotton emergence ratio and effective plant ratio under tillage treatment were 23.62 and 25.19 percentage points higher than that of the notillage treatment. Under the condition of film drip irrigation, the combination of drip irrigation and horizontal mechanical tillage was equivalent to comprehensive utilization of water conservancy improvement and guest soil improvement to saving soil salinization, and finally the spatial distribution of salt produced by mulched drip irrigation technology was from the early stage of “exterior surface accumulation profiles” and gradually changed to the later of “interior bottom accumulation profiles”. The results can provide some ideas for solving the problem of soil salt surface accumulation under mulched drip irrigation, and can also provide a reference for the rational use of tillage measures under drip irrigation. 

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陳文娟,李明思,秦文豹,徐亞南,聶錦杰,梁萌帆.水平翻耕措施對(duì)覆膜滴灌土壤水鹽分布調(diào)控效果研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(3):276-286. CHEN Wenjuan, LI Mingsi, QIN Wenbao, XU Ya’nan, NIE Jinjie, LIANG Mengfan. Effect of Horizontal Tillage Measures Regulatory on Soil Water and Salt Distribution under Mulched Drip Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(3):276-286.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-03-10
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