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不同改良措施對鹽漬化土壤水熱碳與葵花產(chǎn)量的影響
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國家自然科學基金項目(51779117、51769022、51809142)


Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Hydrothermal Carbon and Sunflower Yield in Salinized Soil
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    摘要:

    為探明不同改良措施對鹽漬化土壤水熱碳及葵花產(chǎn)量的影響,設置了施加生物炭(C,22.5t/hm2)、脫硫石膏(S,37.5t/hm2)、秸稈還田(J,20.625t/hm2)和對照(CK)4個處理,進行大田試驗。結(jié)果表明:3種改良措施均能改善土壤水熱環(huán)境,其中生物炭更具優(yōu)勢。3種改良處理在整個生育期內(nèi)0~20cm和20~40cm土層的土壤含水率顯著高于對照;在垂直分布上表現(xiàn)出0~40cm土層各改良措施保水、蓄水作用的效果優(yōu)于40cm以下土層,各處理剖面土壤水分空間分布格局均表現(xiàn)出下濕、上干的特點。與CK相比,各改良處理體現(xiàn)出良好的增溫、保溫效果,均表現(xiàn)出低溫時具有“增溫效應”、高溫時具有“降溫效應”,且對溫度的調(diào)控作用主要集中在5~25cm土層,從35cm處開始影響減弱。采取3種改良措施均能增加土壤有機碳含量和有機碳密度,其中施加生物炭效果最顯著,有機碳密度較對照增加了17.46%。與對照相比,C處理的葵花產(chǎn)量增產(chǎn)率最高,達32.28%,J、S處理產(chǎn)量分別增加21.94%、30.68%,三者差異不顯著。綜合分析得出,施加生物炭22.5t/hm2為適宜于河套灌區(qū)鹽漬化農(nóng)田種植葵花過程中的土壤改良處理。

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    Aiming to explore the effects of different improvement measures on hydrothermal carbon and sunflower yield in salinized soil, experiment was carried out by applying biochar (C, 22.5t/hm2), desulfurization gypsum (S, 37.5t/hm2), straw returning (J, 20.625t/hm2) and control (CK) in field. The results showed that three improvement measures can improve the soil hydrothermal environment, of which biochar had advantages. The soil moisture content of the soil layers of 0~20cm and 20~40cm during the whole growth period was significantly higher than that of the control. In the vertical distribution, the improvement effect of water conservation and water storage of 0~40cm soil layer was better than that of soil layer below 40cm. The spatial distribution pattern of soil moisture in each treatment section showed the characteristics of wet and dry. Compared with CK, each improved treatment had good temperature increase and heat preservation effect, both of which had “warming effect” at low temperatures, and “cooling effect” at high temperatures, and the regulation of temperature was mainly concentrated at 5~25cm soil layer, and weakened from 35cm. The application of three improvement measures can increase the soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density, among which the biochar effect was the most significant, and the organic carbon content was increased by 17.46% compared with the control. Compared with the control, the yield of C treatment was the highest, reached 32.28%, and the yield of J and S treatment was increased by 21.94% and 30.68%, respectively. The difference between the three was not significant. According to comprehensive analysis, the application of biochar of 22.5t/hm2 was more suitable for soil improvement in the process of planting sunflower in salinized farmland in Hetao Irrigation District.

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屈忠義,胡敏,王麗萍,丁艷宏,高曉瑜.不同改良措施對鹽漬化土壤水熱碳與葵花產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(3):268-275. QU Zhongyi, HU Min, WANG Liping, DING Yanhong, GAO Xiaoyu. Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Hydrothermal Carbon and Sunflower Yield in Salinized Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(3):268-275.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-03-10
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