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自走式全混合日糧制備機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701701,、2016YFD0700205),、山東省科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(2017GNC10123)和山東省重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)項(xiàng)目(2016CYJS05A02)


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled TMR Preparation Mixer for Silage Straw Feed
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)奶牛飼喂過(guò)程中青貯池飼料運(yùn)輸成本高、操作工序多以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)損失大等問(wèn)題,在現(xiàn)有立式飼料攪拌機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了牛場(chǎng)青貯秸稈飼料高效飼喂的自走式全混合日糧制備機(jī)總體方案,,設(shè)計(jì)了青貯池青貯秸稈飼料取料裝置,、環(huán)形輸送裝置,、帶有切碎刀片的立式攪拌裝置以及可調(diào)節(jié)撒料范圍的側(cè)門(mén)撒料裝置,。針對(duì)人工手動(dòng)或多功能單一機(jī)械移除青貯圓捆或方捆塑料拉伸膜效率低的問(wèn)題,,模擬人類(lèi)牙齒咬切方法設(shè)計(jì)了一種切捆除膜裝置,利用下割刀的咬合動(dòng)作實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)青貯捆的抓捆,、切捆,、除膜等一體化作業(yè)。設(shè)計(jì)了一種高效掛接機(jī)構(gòu),,可對(duì)青貯池取料裝置和切捆除膜裝置進(jìn)行快速換裝,,實(shí)現(xiàn)了牛場(chǎng)青貯秸稈飼料高效飼喂的一體化作業(yè)。經(jīng)試驗(yàn)檢測(cè),,樣機(jī)取料高度為5000mm,,取料寬度為2000mm,全混合日糧總制備時(shí)間為23.7min,,得到全混合日糧混合均勻度為91.1%,,全混合日糧生產(chǎn)率為29.6m3/h,卸料自然殘留率為0.7%,,青貯秸稈捆破膜清除率達(dá)98.4%,,驗(yàn)證了該機(jī)的實(shí)用性。

    Abstract:

    The formula for a total mixed rations (TMR) was designed by animal nutrition experts and included roughage chopped to an appropriate length, concentrates, and various additives that were fully mixed in certain proportions. There were two main methods currently utilized for silage storage: in a silage pit and in silage bales. On the basis of the existing vertical feed mixer, the self-propelled TMR mixer with the loader and conveyor was developed, the scheme of this designed self-propelled TMR mixer was put forward, and the practicability of the prototype was verified. Silage bales wrapped with a stretchable film was widely used in the animal husbandry industry to remove the bottleneck when preparing silage straw feed. The current methods to manually remove the stretchable films or the use of machines with a plurality of single functions were time-consuming. Therefore, a bale splitter matched with a self-propelled TMR mixer that provided the functions of bale gripping and cutting, material loading, and film removal was designed to realize integrated feeding in the pasture with high efficiency. The self-propelled hydrostatic driving system was adopted, and the selfpropelled TMR mixer realized the combined functions of reclaiming and conveying of material in the silage pit, mixing of roughage and concentrate, transporting and discharging of rations, selfpropelled TMR mixers like that considered here played an important role in speeding up the utilization of crop straw as feed. This constituted one component of the implementation of a policy of ‘grain to feed’ with the aim of alleviating the problems arising when people and livestock compete for grain. The test results showed that the maximum height and width of reclaiming reached 5000mm and 2000mm, respectively, the average preparation time was 23.7min. The mixing uniformity was 91.1%, the production efficiency of TMR was 29.6m3/h, the residual rate of unloading was 0.7%, and the removal rate of the waste film was 98.4%, which met the stipulated requirements and provided a reference for further design of the equipment.

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田富洋,陳玉華,宋占華,閆銀發(fā),李法德,王中華.自走式全混合日糧制備機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(3):106-114. TIAN Fuyang, CHEN Yuhua, SONG Zhanhua, YAN Yinfa, LI Fade, WANG Zhonghua. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled TMR Preparation Mixer for Silage Straw Feed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(3):106-114.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-03-10
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