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輪勺式大蒜單粒取種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家特色蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-24-D-01)、山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YF001)和山東省蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-02-021-09)


Design and Experiment of Wheel-spoon Type Garlic Precision Seed-picking Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)因大蒜顆粒大、形狀不規(guī)則和表面粗糙而造成漏播及重播率高的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種輪勺式大蒜單粒取種裝置,,該裝置主要由取種勺,、取種輪、驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī),、支架,、種箱等組成,。對(duì)取種區(qū),、輸種區(qū)和排種區(qū)的大蒜分別進(jìn)行了受力分析,,闡述了輪勺式大蒜單粒取種裝置的原理,通過(guò)離散元仿真軟件對(duì)取種勺及取種輪的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀進(jìn)行了對(duì)比優(yōu)化,,確定了取種勺及取種輪的最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu),,采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法確定了取種勺的尺寸區(qū)間。以取種勺的半徑,、長(zhǎng)度和取種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗(yàn)因素,,以漏充率和合格率為響應(yīng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了正交回歸試驗(yàn),,建立了漏充率和合格率的回歸模型,,對(duì)回歸模型進(jìn)行了參數(shù)優(yōu)化。最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為取種勺半徑16.30mm,、取種勺長(zhǎng)度38.50mm,、取種輪轉(zhuǎn)速10.0r/min,在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下進(jìn)行了臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),得漏充率5.50%,,合格率91.10%,,與回歸模型預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果基本一致。

    Abstract:

    Due to large grain size, irregular shape and rough surface of garlic seeds, the missed sowing rate and reseeding rate are high. Aiming to mitigate these problems, a wheel-spoon type garlic seed metering device was designed, which was mainly composed of seed scoop, seed taking wheel, driving motor, bracket and seed box. The stress analyses of garlic seeds in seed taking zone, transferring zone and discharging zone of the device were carried out. The optimal structures of spoons and wheels after comparing the structural shapes of different types of spoons and wheels via discrete element simulation analyses were determined. The size of seed scoop was statistically determined. The orthogonal regression test was performed, treating the radius of seed scoop, the length of seed scoop and the rotation speed of seed wheel as test factors, and the rate of missed sowing and the qualified rate as response indexes. The regression models of missed sowing rate and qualified rate were established through analysis of the test data and then the parameters of garlic seed metering device were optimized based on the regression model. The platform test was carried out on the garlic seed metering device with radius, length and rotation speed of seed scoop as 16.30mm, 38.50mm and 10.0r/min, respectively. The results showed that the missed seeding rate was 5.50% and the qualified rate was 91.10%, which were consistent with the results predicted by the regression model. The research can provide a solid basis for precision sowing technology in garlic.

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李玉華,張智龍,李天華,吳彥強(qiáng),牛子孺,侯加林.輪勺式大蒜單粒取種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(3):61-68. LI Yuhua, ZHANG Zhilong, LI Tianhua, WU Yanqiang, NIU Ziru, HOU Jialin. Design and Experiment of Wheel-spoon Type Garlic Precision Seed-picking Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(3):61-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-14
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2020-03-10
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