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紅壤坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量特征與障礙類型劃分
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503119-01-01)


Cultivated-layer Quality Characteristics and Obstacle Types Division of Red Soil Sloping Farmland
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    摘要:

    為有效防止坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量退化,,以紅壤小流域典型種植制度坡耕地耕層為研究對象,,采用耕層質(zhì)量指數(shù)法(Cultivatedlayer quality index,CLQI)分析了坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量變化特征,,基于聚類和主成分分析法劃分了耕層障礙類型,,并定量辨識了耕層質(zhì)量環(huán)境影響因子作用特點。結(jié)果表明:紅壤小流域坡耕地耕層土壤屬性參數(shù)變化特征差異明顯(P<0.05),,其中耕層平均厚度為(18.88±3.17)cm,,接近作物生長適宜厚度;土壤飽和導水率為(3.39±2.6)mm/min,,耕層土壤入滲及持水性能略低,;平均pH值為5.06±0.64,土壤呈弱酸性,;土壤全量養(yǎng)分貧瘠,,速效養(yǎng)分含量豐富。小流域坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量總體處于合理水平,,但存在明顯退化趨勢,,以合理耕層(Ⅲ級)為主(占72.2%),較不合理耕層(Ⅳ級)占22.2%,,中度合理耕層(Ⅱ級)占5.6%,;不同坡位耕層質(zhì)量指數(shù)由大至小依次為坡下(0.482),、坡上(0.454)、坡中(0.444),。紅壤坡耕地耕層類型可劃分為粘重板結(jié)型障礙耕層,、養(yǎng)分貧瘠型障礙耕層、水分限制型障礙耕層,、土壤酸化型障礙耕層,、薄化型障礙耕層和無障礙耕層6類;粘粒含量,、土壤有機質(zhì)含量,、土壤飽和導水率、pH值和耕層厚度可作為耕層障礙類型診斷及調(diào)控指標,。紅壤坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵性環(huán)境影響因子為有效土層厚度,、單位面積坡耕地化肥施用量、坡向和耕作方式,,施有機肥,、深松耕作和秸稈覆蓋具有明顯調(diào)控效應。研究結(jié)果可為紅壤坡耕地耕層土壤有效恢復,、調(diào)控途徑擬定及坡耕地合理耕層構(gòu)建技術(shù)選擇提供理論指導。

    Abstract:

    It is of great importance to prevent the quality deterioration of cultivatedlayer and reasonable improvement of the cultivatedlayer quality by analyzing the quality change characteristics, critical environmental impact factors and dividing the main obstacle types of the cultivatedlayer for red soil sloping land. Taking cultivatedlayer with typical planting system of the sloping farmland in red soil watershed as the research object, the quality change characteristics of the cultivatedlayer were analyzed by the method of cultivatedlayer quality index (CLQI), the obstacle types were defined and the key environmental factors’ function characteristics that affecting the cultivatedlayer quality were identified by the methods of clustering and principal component analysis, respectively. Results showed that the soil parameters characteristics of cultivatedlayer of red soil sloping farmland varied significantly, and the average thickness of cultivatedlayer was (18.88±3.17)cm, which was closely to the suitable thickness for crop growth. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was (3.39±2.6)mm/min, indicating that the soil infiltration and water holding capacity of the cultivatedlayer were slightly lower. The soil pH value was 5.06±0.64, which was faintly acidic. The soil with total nutrient content were poor and the quickacting nutrients were abundant. The cultivatedlayer quality was generally at a reasonable level of red soil watersheld, but existed degradation trend, with the reasonable degree (Ⅲ) of 72.2%, and unreasonable degree (Ⅳ) of 22.2%, and moderately degree (Ⅱ) of 5.6%. The CLQI of different slope positions was ordered as lower slope (0.482), upper slope(0.454) and middle slope (0.444). The cultivatedlayer types of red soil sloping farmland can be divided into six types of sticky knot type, nutrient infertility type, moisture restriction type, soil acidification type, no obstacle type and cultivatedlayer thinning type. Clay content, soil organic matter, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, pH value and cultivatedlayer thickness can be used as diagnostic indicators of obstacle types for cultivatedlayer. The effective soil thickness, amount of fertilizer applied per unit sloping farmland area, slope direction and the tillage method were the key environmental factors which affected the cultivatedlayer quality of the red soil sloping farmland. Application of organic fertilizer, sub soiling and straw covering had obvious regulatory effects on improving cultivatedlayer quality. These results could provide useful parameter supports not only for the effective restoration and regular routes selection, but also for constructing the reasonable cultivatedlayer of red soil sloping farmland.

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金慧芳,史東梅,宋鴿,段騰,葉青,江娜.紅壤坡耕地耕層質(zhì)量特征與障礙類型劃分[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(12):313-321,340. JIN Huifang, SHI Dongmei, SONG Ge, DUAN Teng, YE Qing, JIANG N. Cultivated-layer Quality Characteristics and Obstacle Types Division of Red Soil Sloping Farmland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):313-321,340.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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