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不同水文年型下水稻節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)方案模擬與評價
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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(51879074,、51479063)


Simulation and Evaluation of Technical Schemes for Water-saving Irrigation of Rice in Different Hydrological Years
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    摘要:

    為探究適宜的水稻節(jié)水灌溉模式,于2016—2017年在蒸滲測坑內(nèi)進行水稻栽培試驗?;?年試驗數(shù)據(jù)對SWAP-WOFOST模型進行參數(shù)的率定與驗證,,基于1956—2015年60年的降雨資料完成豐,、平,、枯3種年型的分組,,同時改進了SWAP的灌溉排水模塊以適應(yīng)本地化的灌排需求,,并由率定后的模型模擬了豐,、平、枯3種年型下4種節(jié)水灌溉模式的稻田水分運移及水稻生長過程,,通過對比不同水文年型下田間水分管理及水稻產(chǎn)量的差異,,分析了4種節(jié)水灌溉模式的節(jié)水、減排與高產(chǎn)效果,。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)率定的SWAP-WOFOST模型可以較好地模擬干濕交替條件下稻田水分運移和水稻生長過程,;節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)可以減少灌排水量與灌排次數(shù),減少水稻的生理需水和田間滲漏,,并能夠維持水稻高產(chǎn),,提高水分利用效率;60年模擬期內(nèi),,控制灌排的灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率在豐,、平,、枯3種年型下分別為5.52、4.65,、3.83kg/m3,,各年型下均為最高,控制灌溉的作物水分生產(chǎn)率在豐,、平,、枯3種年型下分別為2.45、2.31,、2.06kg/m3,,各年型下均為最高。應(yīng)用熵權(quán)TOPSIS模型對水稻節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)方案進行評價優(yōu)選,,結(jié)果表明,,在保證產(chǎn)量的前提下控制灌排模式具有穩(wěn)健的節(jié)水省工效果。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the suitable watersaving irrigation mode of rice, the cultivation experiment of rice under controlled irrigation and drainage conditions was conducted in the lysimeters from 2016 to 2017. The SWAP-WOFOST model was calibrated and validated against the data in observations of twoyear agricultural field experiment. And rainfall data of 60 years were grouped according to the type of hydrological years. At the same time, the irrigation and drainage module of SWAP model was improved to meet the local irrigation and drainage needs. The validated SWAP-WOFOST model was then used to simulate soil moisture transportation and rice growth process. By comparing the difference in field water management and rice yield under different hydrological year scenarios, the effects of four watersaving irrigation modes on reducing irrigation drainage and improving yield were analyzed. The results showed that watersaving irrigation technology could reduce the amount and frequencies of irrigation and drainage, reduce the physiological water demand of rice and field leakage, maintain high yield of rice and improve water use efficiency. During the 60year simulation period, the irrigation water productivity of controlled irrigation and drainage mode was 5.52kg/m3, 4.65kg/m3 and 383kg/m3, respectively for the wet year, normal year and dry year, which was the highest of four modes. Crop water productivity of controlled irrigation mode was 2.45kg/m3, 2.31kg/m3 and 2.06kg/m3, respectively for the wet year, normal year and dry year, which was the highest of four modes. Applying the entropy weighted TOPSIS model to evaluate and optimize the four modes of watersaving irrigation of rice, the results showed that controlled irrigation and drainage mode had a steady effect of watersaving and laborsaving on the premise of guaranteeing yield. Watersaving irrigation technology had guiding significance for irrigation and drainage practices in ricegrowing areas of Southern China.

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陳凱文,俞雙恩,李倩倩,張夢婷,王煜,劉子鑫.不同水文年型下水稻節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)方案模擬與評價[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(12):268-277. CHEN Kaiwen, YU Shuang’en, LI Qianqian, ZHANG Mengting, WANG Yu, LIU Zixin. Simulation and Evaluation of Technical Schemes for Water-saving Irrigation of Rice in Different Hydrological Years[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):268-277.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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