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全秸硬茬地碎秸行間集覆小麥播種機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗
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江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自由創(chuàng)新資金項目(CX(17)1002-03)


Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter with Straw Crushing and Inter-furrow Collectingmulching under Full Amount of Straw and Root Stubble Cropland
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    摘要:

    針對我國稻麥輪作區(qū)常規(guī)稻茬麥機(jī)械化播種時存在田間稻秸量大,、耗工耗時和播期延誤等問題,提出了全量碎秸行間集覆、潔區(qū)種帶寬幅播種的技術(shù)思路,設(shè)計了一種全秸硬茬地碎秸行間集覆小麥播種機(jī),,該機(jī)能一次性完成碎秸清秸、行間覆秸,、種帶施肥旋耕,、播種鎮(zhèn)壓等工序,適宜在稻收后未作任何秸稈移出及耕整地處理的全秸硬茬地作業(yè),。對秸稈粉碎裝置,、碎秸導(dǎo)流裝置和種帶旋耕裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了理論分析,確定了相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)與參數(shù),;為在種帶內(nèi)高質(zhì),、順暢、滿播小麥,,設(shè)計了播種及鎮(zhèn)壓裝置,;以粉碎刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速、徑向距離和作業(yè)速度為試驗影響因素,,以清秸率和種帶寬度變異系數(shù)為評價指標(biāo),,設(shè)計了三水平三因素正交試驗。結(jié)果表明,,工作參數(shù)為粉碎刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速2200r/min,、徑向距離20mm、作業(yè)速度0.8m/s和旋耕刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速300r/min時,,對應(yīng)田間試驗的碎秸平均長度為110mm,、平均碎秸合格率為91.47%、平均種帶清秸率為92.58%,、平均種帶寬度變異系數(shù)為10.91%,、平均播深為41mm、平均播深合格率為97.32%,;長勢跟蹤及測產(chǎn)結(jié)果表明,,與常規(guī)播種方式相比,未出現(xiàn)明顯缺苗弱苗現(xiàn)象,,兩種播種方式的產(chǎn)量基本相同,。

    Abstract:

    A large amount of untreated straw is left in the field after rice harvest, which greatly hinders mechanized sowing and subsequent growth of wheat. The traditional solution is to bury the smashed straw in the soil or cover the surface of soil through multiple operations, which not only results in low efficiency and high energy consumption, but also hinders wheat germination due to excessive straw in the vicinity of the wheat seeds. In order to solve these problems, a planter with straw smashing and strip laying was provided, which adopted the clean area planting technique under full amount of straw and root stubble cropland. The planter was mainly composed of frame, straw crushing device, straw guiding device, rotary tilling device, seeding device and pressing device. In a single pass, the planter could complete multiple operation processes, including strawstubble smashing, seedbelt cleaning, interrow stacking, seedbed treatment, fertilization sowing, and soil covering and suppression. The key components such as straw crushing device, straw guiding device and rotary tilling device were theoretically analyzed to determine structures and parameters. In order to achieve high quality and smooth sowing of wheat in the seed belt, the sowing device and pressuring device were designed. Threefactor and threelevel orthogonal performance test was implemented by setting smashing spindle speed, radial distance and working speed as the influence factors, with straw cleaned rate and variable coefficient of the strip width as the evaluation index. Test results showed that when the smashing spindle speed was 2200r/min, radial distance was 20mm, working speed was 0.8m/s, and rotary speed was 300r/min, the average length of the straw was 110mm, straw crushed rate was 91.47%, straw cleaned rate was 92.58%, variable coefficient of the strip width was 10.91%, average sowing depth was 41mm, and seeding depth pass rate was 97.32%. Through tracking growth trend and measuring the yield, it was shown that there was no obvious shortage of seedlings and weak seedlings compared with the conventional seeding planter, and the yields of the two seeding planters were basically the same.

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羅偉文,顧峰瑋,吳峰,徐弘博,陳有慶,胡志超.全秸硬茬地碎秸行間集覆小麥播種機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(12):42-52. LUO Weiwen, GU Fengwei, WU Feng, XU Hongbo, CHEN Youqing, HU Zhichao. Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter with Straw Crushing and Inter-furrow Collectingmulching under Full Amount of Straw and Root Stubble Cropland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):42-52.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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