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玉米機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展分析
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700300、2016YFD0300300)和國家玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-02)


Research Progress of Maize Mechanized Harvesting Technology
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    摘要:

    玉米機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)是玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、提質(zhì)增效、增強(qiáng)國際市場競爭力的重要途徑之一,也是玉米全程機(jī)械化的研究重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。當(dāng)前我國玉米收獲正處于由機(jī)械化摘穗收獲方式向籽粒直收轉(zhuǎn)變、收獲裝備轉(zhuǎn)型升級的關(guān)鍵階段。本文從機(jī)械化果穗收獲和機(jī)械化籽粒直收兩方面分析了國內(nèi)外收獲技術(shù)與裝備研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展動態(tài),分析了自動對行、割臺高度自動調(diào)節(jié)、產(chǎn)量與水分檢測技術(shù)和脫粒參數(shù)自動控制等智能化收獲技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展,提出了建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、機(jī)械化檢測方法與技術(shù)手段,兼顧不同需求發(fā)展高性能、高效率、高可靠性農(nóng)業(yè)裝備,提升裝備智能化水平的發(fā)展思路。

    Abstract:

    As the world’s most widely grown cereal crop, corn can be used as food, animal feed and industrial raw materials. Mechanized harvest of maize is an important link in maize production. Traditional artificial harvest requires a lot of manpower, material resources and time, and the corn harvest process is heavy, labor intensity is big, and harvest efficiency is low. In China, the phenomenon of rushing to harvest corn is common in the areas where the corn is harvested twice a year or more a year, so as to ensure the timely harvest of corn and the timely sowing of wheat, which is of great significance to realize the double harvest of corn and wheat production. With the accelerated development of maize industry, its mechanized harvest becomes more and more important. Corn mechanized harvest technology is one of the important ways to change the development mode of corn industry, improve the quality and efficiency, and enhance the competitiveness of the international market. At present, corn harvesting is in a key stage of transformation from mechanized ear harvesting to direct grain harvesting and transformation and upgrading of harvesting equipment. The research status and development trend of harvest technology and equipment at home and abroad were analyzed from two aspects of mechanized ear harvest and mechanized seed direct harvest, and the research progress of intelligent mechanical harvest technology such as automatic row and height automatic adjustment of cutting table, yield and moisture detection technology and automatic control of threshing parameters were analyzed. The standardization and mechanization testing methods and technical means were put forward, both to different requirements of high performance, high efficiency, high reliability model of agricultural equipment, enhance the level of intelligent equipment development train of thought, in order to promote China’s corn harvest mechanization technology progress and equipment upgrade to provide the reference.

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崔濤,樊晨龍,張東興,楊麗,李義博,趙慧慧.玉米機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(12):1-13. CUI Tao, FAN Chenlong, ZHANG Dongxing, YANG Li, LI Yibo, ZHAO Huihui. Research Progress of Maize Mechanized Harvesting Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):1-13.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10
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