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稻作水炭運(yùn)籌下氮肥吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與分配的15N示蹤分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400108)


15N Tracer-based Analysis of Effects of Water and Biochar Management on Nitrogen Absorption, Transport and Distribution in Rice
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    摘要:

    為揭示水炭運(yùn)籌管理模式下水稻對(duì)不同階段施用氮肥的吸收利用情況,,采用田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn)與微區(qū)結(jié)合的方法,應(yīng)用15N示蹤技術(shù)分別標(biāo)記施用的基肥,、蘗肥和穗肥,,以常規(guī)淹灌作為對(duì)比,,研究?jī)煞N灌溉模式不同水炭運(yùn)籌下水稻對(duì)基肥,、蘗肥,、穗肥的吸收利用,、積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),,以及水稻成熟期不同階段施用的氮肥在植株各器官的分配情況,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:合理的水炭運(yùn)籌能夠顯著提高水稻成熟期地上部的氮素總積累量、氮肥吸收利用率和產(chǎn)量,;不同水炭運(yùn)籌下肥料對(duì)氮素總積累量的貢獻(xiàn)率為17.81%~20.60%,,兩種灌溉模式之間的差異不顯著(P>0.05);水稻對(duì)基肥,、蘗肥和穗肥的吸收利用率分別為15.55%~23.31%,、31.68%~44.91%、48.82%~71.18%,,施加適量的生物炭能夠顯著提高基肥,、蘗肥和穗肥的吸收利用率,淺濕干灌溉模式下水稻植株除對(duì)基肥的吸收利用率較低外,,對(duì)蘗肥和穗肥的吸收利用率均優(yōu)于常規(guī)淹灌,;水稻蘗肥和穗肥吸收利用率與肥料總氮素吸收利用率呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),基肥,、蘗肥和穗肥氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率與相應(yīng)的吸收利用率呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),。合理的水炭運(yùn)籌能夠提高肥料氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率和氮肥吸收利用率,降低氮肥在土壤中的殘留,。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the uptake and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer at different stages in rice under water and biochar management, the method of combining field plot experiment with micro-area was used, and the 15N tracer technique was used to mark the application of basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer respectively. Taking conventional flooding irrigation as a comparison, the uptake, utilization, accumulation and transportation of basal, tiller and panicle fertilizer in rice under different water and biochar managements and the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer applied at different stages of rice maturity in different organs under two different irrigation modes were studied. The results showed that reasonable water and biochar management could significantly increase the total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and yield of aboveground parts of rice at maturity stage. The contribution rate of fertilizer to total nitrogen accumulation under different water and biochar managements was about 17.81%~20.60%. There was no significant difference between the two irrigation modes (P>0.05). The uptake and utilization rates of basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer in rice were 15.55%~23.31%, 31.68%~44.91%, 48.82%~71.18%, respectively. The application of appropriate amount of biochar could significantly improve the uptake and utilization rates of basal tiller, tiller and panicle fertilizer. The uptake and utilization rates of tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer under dry-wet-shallow irrigation mode were better than those under conventional flooding irrigation except basal fertilizer. The uptake and utilization rates of tillering and panicle fertilizers were positively correlated with the total nitrogen uptake and utilization rates of fertilizers (P<0.01), and the contribution rate of nitrogen transport of basal, tiller and panicle fertilizer to grain was positively correlated with the corresponding uptake and utilization rates (P<0.01). Reasonable water and biochar management can improve the contribution rate of nitrogen transport to grain and the utilization rate of nitrogen absorption, and reduce the residue of nitrogen fertilizer in soil. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of water and biochar management model in paddy field in cold black soil region.

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張作合,張忠學(xué).稻作水炭運(yùn)籌下氮肥吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與分配的15N示蹤分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(11):239-249. ZHANG Zuohe, ZHANG Zhongxue.15N Tracer-based Analysis of Effects of Water and Biochar Management on Nitrogen Absorption, Transport and Distribution in Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(11):239-249.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-11-10
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