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基于空間分析的寧夏沙土春玉米滴灌水氮管理模式研究
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“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015BAD22B05),、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFC0403303)、國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)和教育部高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(B12007)


Optimal Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Model under Drip Fertigation System Based on Spatial Analysis of Spring Maize in Sandy Soil Area in Ningxia
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    摘要:

    基于滴灌水肥一體化條件下研究水氮組合對(duì)寧夏沙土地區(qū)春玉米地上部干物質(zhì)量,、產(chǎn)量、氮素累積量和水氮利用效率的影響,并運(yùn)用多元回歸分析方法,,尋求高產(chǎn)高效的水氮配施制度,。設(shè)計(jì)灌水和施氮2因素、3個(gè)灌水量水平(W0.6:0.6KcET0,、W0.8:0.8KcET0和W10:10KcET0,其中Kc為作物系數(shù),,ET0為潛在作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量)和4個(gè)施氮量水平(N150:150kg/hm2,;N225:225kg/hm2;N300:300kg/hm2,;N375:375kg/hm2)進(jìn)行大田試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明:Logistic函數(shù)對(duì)春玉米地上部干物質(zhì)累積量具有較高的擬合度,W1.0灌水處理延后了地上部干物質(zhì)快速積累期的起點(diǎn),;灌水量和施氮量對(duì)產(chǎn)量,、植株氮素累積量,、水分利用效率(WUE)均有顯著或極顯著影響,灌水量對(duì)氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力(PFPN)有極顯著影響,,水氮耦合作用對(duì)氮收獲指數(shù)有顯著性影響,;相同灌水條件下,地上部干物質(zhì)累積量,、產(chǎn)量,、植株氮素累積量(W0.8處理除外)和WUE隨施氮量的增加先增加、后減小,??紤]試驗(yàn)區(qū)年降雨量分配不均,基于產(chǎn)量,、WUE,、PFPN和籽粒氮素累積量,對(duì)水氮管理方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,,多元回歸分析結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)灌水量與有效降雨量之和為506~576.mm、施氮量為230~335kg/hm2時(shí),,產(chǎn)量,、WUE和籽粒氮素累積量均能同時(shí)達(dá)到最大值的95%以上,優(yōu)化區(qū)間所得的PFPN約為最大值的80%,,為適宜的水氮滴灌管理區(qū)間,。研究成果可為當(dāng)?shù)厣惩恋貐^(qū)春玉米滴灌施肥過(guò)程中水氮科學(xué)管理提供指導(dǎo)依據(jù),。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to investigate the effects of different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen on shoot biomass, yield, total nitrogen accumulation, and water and nitrogen use efficiency of drip fertigated spring maize in sandy soil area in Ningxia. The multivariate regression analysis method was used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen for maximum production, and the spatial analysis method was further used to comprehensively evaluate the yield, grain nitrogen accumulation, and water and nitrogen use efficiency to seek a high-yield and low-water fertigation system for the closest acceptable production of multiple targets. The plot experiments were conducted with two factors of irrigation and nitrogen. There were three irrigation levels (W0.6: 0.6KcET0;W0.8: 0.8KcET0 and W1.0:1.0KcET0, Kc was crop coefficients, ET0 was potential reference crops evapotranspiration) and four nitrogen levels (N150: 150kg/hm2;N225: 225kg/hm2;N300: 300kg/hm2 and N375:375kg/hm2). The results showed that there was a high fitting degree of shoot biomass for spring maize with Logistic function and the W1.0 irrigation treatment delayed the starting point of the rapid accumulation period of shoot biomass. The single factor of irrigation and nitrogen application had significant or extremely significant effects on the yield, plant nitrogen accumulation and water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation amount had significant effect on nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN). Both irrigation and nitrogen application amounts had significant or extremely significant effects on yield, plant nitrogen accumulation and WUE, while irrigation amount had extremely marked effects on PFPN, and irrigation and nitrogen had a notable coupling effect on the nitrogen harvest index. Under the same irrigation levels, the shoot biomass, yield, plant nitrogen accumulation (except for W0.8 treatment) and WUE were increased at first, and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen application rate. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods, considering the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in Ningxia, the results suggested that when the sum of irrigation amount and effective rainfall was 506~576mm and nitrogen application rate was 230~335kg/hm2, the yield, WUE and grain nitrogen accumulation could reach more than 95% of the maximum yield, the PFPN under this combined treatment was about 80% of the maximum value at the same time. The research provided a guidance for scientific management of water and nitrogen application for spring maize under the local drip fertigated condition in sandy soil area in Ningxia.

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嚴(yán)富來(lái),張富倉(cāng),范興科,王英,李越鵬,鄒海洋.基于空間分析的寧夏沙土春玉米滴灌水氮管理模式研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(11):219-228. YAN Fulai, ZHANG Fucang, FAN Xingke, WANG Ying, LI Yuepeng, ZOU Haiyang. Optimal Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Model under Drip Fertigation System Based on Spatial Analysis of Spring Maize in Sandy Soil Area in Ningxia[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(11):219-228.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-11-10
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