0.05)和5.68%(P<0.05),但分別節(jié)水10.01%(P<0.01)和16.91%(P<0.01),,產(chǎn)量水分利用效率分別提高9.04%(P<0.05)和15.82%(P<0.01),。本試驗(yàn)條件下,,隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉方式在返青-拔節(jié)期施加適當(dāng)?shù)乃终{(diào)虧((55%~65%)FC)是兼顧節(jié)水,、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的最佳處理。"/>

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隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)冬小麥旗葉生理特性與產(chǎn)量形成的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(U1404528),、國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)小麥產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-3-1-30),、中央級(jí)科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(FIRI2017-02)、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503130)和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院協(xié)同創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目


Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation under Furrow Irrigation on Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaf after Anthesis and Yield Formation of Winter Wheat
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    為了解壟栽模式下隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)冬小麥生理生化特性以及產(chǎn)量形成過(guò)程的影響及其機(jī)理,,在移動(dòng)式防雨棚測(cè)坑內(nèi)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置5個(gè)處理,即T1(常規(guī)畦灌):全生育期計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層土壤含水率控制在65%~75%田間持水率(FC),;T2(隔溝交替灌溉,,AFI):全生育期1/2交替灌,當(dāng)土壤含水率下降至(55%~65%)FC區(qū)間內(nèi),,即灌水至95%FC,;T3、T4,、T5為隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉處理:分別在返青-拔節(jié)期,、拔節(jié)-抽穗期、抽穗-灌漿期將土壤含水率控制在(55%~65%)FC,,其余生育階段按T2處理控制土壤含水率,。測(cè)定冬小麥花后旗葉光合特性指標(biāo)、脯氨酸含量,、可溶性糖含量和產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成等指標(biāo),。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,常規(guī)畦灌方式下冬小麥旗葉具有最高的凈光合速率,、蒸騰速率,,但隔溝交替灌溉處理和隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉方式下的各個(gè)處理表現(xiàn)出較高的葉片水分利用效率,其中T3在開花期和灌漿期的日均葉片水分利用效率均為各處理中的最大值,。各處理的籽粒產(chǎn)量由大到小依次為:T1,、T2、T3,、T4,、T5,與T1相比,,T2與T3分別減產(chǎn)1.98%(P>0.05)和5.68%(P<0.05),,但分別節(jié)水10.01%(P<0.01)和16.91%(P<0.01),產(chǎn)量水分利用效率分別提高9.04%(P<0.05)和15.82%(P<0.01),。本試驗(yàn)條件下,,隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉方式在返青-拔節(jié)期施加適當(dāng)?shù)乃终{(diào)虧((55%~65%)FC)是兼顧節(jié)水、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的最佳處理。

    Abstract:

    A pond-based experiment with winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted under rainproof shelter during the growing seasons of 2016—2017 to investigate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation under alternate furrow irrigation on physio-biochemical characteristics and yield of winter wheat. Five experimental treatments were included, conventional border irrigation (T1, the soil water content in planned moisture layer was controlled at 65%~75% field capacity (FC ) throughout growing season), alternate furrow irrigation (T2, two root-zones were alternatively irrigated during the consecutive irrigation, the soil water content with values of (55%~65%)FC and 95% FC were considered as the lower limit and the upper limit for irrigation, respectively), T3, T4 and T5 were defined as alternative furrowregulated deficit irrigation (the soil water content in planned moisture layer was controlled at (55%~65%)FC at the beginning of returning greenstem elongation, stem elongationear emergence, and ear emergencematurity period), respectively. When the soil water content at the soil layer of a given treatment fell below the lower limit of the target range during the waterdeficit treatment period, it was replenished to 95% FC. Three treatments (T3, T4 and T5) received irrigation water at the T2 level during the unstressed stages. The photosynthetic characteristics, proline and soluble sugar content of flag leaf after anthesis and wheat yield components and so on were measured. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the border irrigation were higher than those of alternate furrow irrigation and alternate furrowregulated deficit irrigation treatments, butthe higher leaf water use efficiency under the alternate furrow irrigation was demonstrated. Alternate furrow irrigation treatment and alternate furrowregulated deficit irrigation treatments had a lower yield than that of the border irrigation, but it didn’t reach a significant level (P>0.05) for T1 and T2. The yields of T2 and T3 were decreased by an average of 1.98% (P>0.05) and 568% (P<0.05) respectively, but their water consumptions were decreased by an average of 1001% (P<0.01) and 16.91% (P<0.01) respectively, and their WUE were increased by 9.04% (P<0.05) and 15.82% (P<0.01) respectively. The present results suggested that alternate furrow-regulated deficit irrigation applying suitable water deficit (55%~65%)FC during returning green stage under alternate furrow irrigation was the better irrigation model to save water and achieve high grain yield in winter wheat.

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劉小飛,李彪,孟兆江,劉祖貴,張寄陽(yáng).隔溝調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)冬小麥旗葉生理特性與產(chǎn)量形成的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(9):320-328. LIU Xiaofei, LI Biao, MENG Zhaojiang, LIU Zugui, ZHANG Jiyang. Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation under Furrow Irrigation on Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaf after Anthesis and Yield Formation of Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):320-328.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-06-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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