0.05),CP2處理的水稻磷肥偏生產(chǎn)力顯著高于FP3處理(P<0.05),,因此,,CP2處理為本試驗(yàn)中最優(yōu)的水磷運(yùn)籌模式。相關(guān)性分析表明,,產(chǎn)量與水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),,與收獲指數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),;磷素積累量與地上部分干物質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量均呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01);植株磷素積累量與根干質(zhì)量和根長密度呈顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05),。這說明通過適宜的水磷運(yùn)籌模式,,可以創(chuàng)造良好的根系形態(tài),提高水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量和磷素積累量,,有利于提高產(chǎn)量及磷肥利用效率,。"/>

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水磷運(yùn)籌對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量和磷素吸收與利用的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(51779046)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400108)


Effects of Water and Phosphorus Operation on Rice Yield and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization
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    為研究寒地黑土區(qū)不同水磷管理模式對(duì)水稻成熟期干物質(zhì)積累、磷素吸收利用和產(chǎn)量的影響,,探討水稻抽穗期根系性狀與磷肥吸收效率的關(guān)系,,通過田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),設(shè)置2種灌溉模式(F:淹灌,,C:控灌)和6種施磷量(P0:0kg/hm2,,P1:15kg/hm2,P2:30kg/hm2,,P3:45kg/hm2,,P4:60kg/hm2,P5:75kg/hm2),,研究了不同水磷管理模式對(duì)水稻成熟期地上部分干物質(zhì)量,、產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、籽粒和植株磷素積累量,、磷素利用效率,、磷肥吸收效率和磷肥偏生產(chǎn)力的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,,兩種灌溉模式下,,隨著施磷量的增加,水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)量,、產(chǎn)量,、有效穗數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率,、籽粒磷素積累量和植株磷素積累量呈先增加,、后減小的趨勢(shì);收獲指數(shù),、磷素收獲指數(shù),、磷素籽粒利用效率和磷素干物質(zhì)利用效率呈先減小、后增加的趨勢(shì),;磷肥吸收效率和磷肥偏生產(chǎn)力則呈降低的趨勢(shì),。CP2和FP3處理的水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量,、有效穗數(shù),、結(jié)實(shí)率,、籽粒磷素積累量和植株磷素積累量分別達(dá)到兩種灌溉模式下不同施磷水平的最大值,CP2和FP3處理水稻產(chǎn)量差異不顯著(P>0.05),,CP2處理的水稻磷肥偏生產(chǎn)力顯著高于FP3處理(P<0.05),,因此,CP2處理為本試驗(yàn)中最優(yōu)的水磷運(yùn)籌模式,。相關(guān)性分析表明,產(chǎn)量與水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),,與收獲指數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),;磷素積累量與地上部分干物質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量均呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01);植株磷素積累量與根干質(zhì)量和根長密度呈顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05),。這說明通過適宜的水磷運(yùn)籌模式,,可以創(chuàng)造良好的根系形態(tài),提高水稻地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量和磷素積累量,,有利于提高產(chǎn)量及磷肥利用效率,。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different water and phosphorus managements on dry matter accumulation, phosphorus uptake and utilization, yield of rice at the maturity stage in cold black soil region, the relationship between root traits and phosphorus uptake efficiency at heading stage was discussed. Two irrigation modes (F: flood irrigation, C: controlled irrigation) and six phosphorus application levels (P0:0kg/hm2,P1:15kg/hm2,P2:30kg/hm2,P3:45kg/hm2,P4:60kg/hm2,P5:75kg/hm2) were set, the effect of different water and phosphorus managements on aboveground dry matter, yield and its components, phosphorus accumulation in grains and plants, phosphorus use efficiency, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity were studied. The results showed that under two irrigation modes, with the increase of phosphorus application rates, the aboveground dry matter, yield, effective panicle number, seed setting percentage, phosphorus accumulation in grains and plants were increased firstly and then decreased, and harvest index, phosphorus harvest index, phosphorus use efficiency of grain and dry matter were decreased firstly and then increased, however, the phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity were decreased. The aboveground dry matter, yield, effective panicle number, seed setting percentage, phosphorus accumulation in grains and plants of CP2 and FP3 reached the maximum, respectively, among the different water and phosphorus treatments. There was no significant difference in yield between CP2 and FP3 (P>0.05), however, the phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity of CP2 was significantly higher than that of FP3(P<0.05). Therefore, CP2 treatment was the best water and phosphorus management in this experiment. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between yield and aboveground dry matter (P<0.01) and a significant negative correlation between yield and harvest index (P<0.05). Plant phosphorus accumulation was positively correlated with aboveground dry matter (P<0.01). Plant phosphorus accumulation was positively correlated with root dry weight and root length density (P<0.05). The results indicated that suitable water and phosphorus management could create good root morphology, increase dry matter accumulation, which was more conducive to improving yield and phosphorus use efficiency. The research results provided theoretical basis for understanding the difference of rice root morphology and phosphorus fertilizer utilization under different water and phosphorus managements and guiding the practice of high yield and high efficiency cultivation of rice in cold black soil region. 

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張忠學(xué),姜麗莉,陳鵬,聶堂哲,陳帥宏,趙健.水磷運(yùn)籌對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量和磷素吸收與利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(9):310-319. ZHANG Zhongxue, JIANG Lili, CHEN Peng, NIE Tangzhe, CHEN Shuaihong, ZHAO Jian. Effects of Water and Phosphorus Operation on Rice Yield and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):310-319.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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