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分期定量春灌一水對(duì)麥田蒸散量與產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503117)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51309227)


Effects of Irrigation Once at Different Time on Water Consumption and Dry Matter Production of Winter Wheat in Spring
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    摘要:

    于2013—2017年冬小麥生長季,,選用節(jié)水高產(chǎn)小麥品種衡4399,開展麥田分期定量(75mm)灌溉(春灌一水,,設(shè)置拔節(jié)后0d,、拔節(jié)后5d,、拔節(jié)后10d,、拔節(jié)后15d,、拔節(jié)后20d,、拔節(jié)后30d灌溉6個(gè)處理,,記為AJ0,、AJ5、AJ10,、AJ15,、AJ20、AJ30),,進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明:不同灌水處理麥田蒸散量范圍為361.1~505.8mm;隨灌水時(shí)間推移,,麥田蒸散量呈先增加后減小的趨勢,,以AJ15或AJ20最高。揚(yáng)花前營養(yǎng)器官同化物運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)量,、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)率及對(duì)籽粒貢獻(xiàn)率均隨灌水時(shí)間的推移而呈先增加后減小的變化趨勢,,以拔節(jié)后5~15d灌水處理的較高。揚(yáng)花后輸入籽粒的生物產(chǎn)量,,以AJ10和AJ15較高,,AJ0最低,。各處理小麥揚(yáng)花后同化物運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)量對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率均高于60%,是籽粒產(chǎn)量的主要構(gòu)成部分,。小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量范圍為6620.4~8650.5kg/hm2,,以拔節(jié)后5~15d灌水處理較高。籽粒產(chǎn)量水分利用效率為1.32~2.54kg/m3,,除2017年外,,以AJ0處理為最優(yōu)。產(chǎn)量與灌前土壤含水率,、土壤供水量及蒸散量正相關(guān),。在本研究生產(chǎn)條件下,小麥拔節(jié)后10~15d灌水,,既能夠充分利用土壤蓄水,,也有利于提高產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率。

    Abstract:

    In order to make clear the regulation effects of irrigation timing on water consumption and yield of wheat under limited water supply during spring growing season, a field experiment was conducted in the test station of Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences during 2013 to 2017. Winter wheat cultivar, Heng 4399, was used. The measurements were taken on irrigation timing for six treatments, jointing 0d (AJ0), 5d after jointing (AJ5), 10d after jointing (AJ10), 15d after jointing (AJ15), 20d after jointing (AJ20), and 30d after jointing (AJ30). Irrigation amount was 75mm. Irrigation was synchronized with topdressing. The results showed that evapotranspiration of different treatments was ranged within 361.1~505.8mm and grain yield was ranged within 6620.4~8650.5kg/hm2.Compared different treatments, with irrigation time delayed, evapotranspiration and yield were increased first and then decreased. The three indicators, transfer amount of dry matter before anthesis, transport rate and contribution rate to grains before anthesis, all increased with lapse of treatment time, and reached the peak between 5d and 15d after jointing, and then decreased. Transfer amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis, AJ10 and AJ15 were higher than other treatments, AJ0 was the lowest. The contribution rate of afteranthesis assimilated to grains was more than 60% and was the main component of grain yield. WUE was ranged within 1.32~2.54kg/m3 which was affected by both the yield and evapotranspiration. WUE of AJ0 was the best treatment except 2017. Treatments with higher evapotranspiration was also higher in its grain yield. Evapotranspiration and grain yield were positively correlated with soil water supply amount. These results indicated that irrigation between 10.d and 15d after jointing, could not only sufficiently use soil water storage, but also improve grain yield of wheat.

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李曉爽,黨紅凱,宋妮,申孝軍,馬筱建,孫景生.分期定量春灌一水對(duì)麥田蒸散量與產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(9):280-289. LI Xiaoshuang, DANG Hongkai, SONG Ni, SHEN Xiaojun, MA Xiaojian, SUN Jingsheng. Effects of Irrigation Once at Different Time on Water Consumption and Dry Matter Production of Winter Wheat in Spring[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):280-289.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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