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低位鋪放雙重緩沖馬鈴薯收獲機設計與試驗
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山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(2017CXGC0219)、山東省泰山產(chǎn)業(yè)領軍人才工程高效生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新類項目(LJNY201615),、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701603-02)和山東省農(nóng)機化裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新項目(2016YF034)


Design and Experiment of Potato Harvester Using Double Cushions for Low Laying Separation Technology
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有馬鈴薯收獲機分離效果不理想,、鋪放環(huán)節(jié)防損減損能力弱、傷薯率和破皮率較高等問題,,結合國內(nèi)北方地區(qū)馬鈴薯種植農(nóng)藝,,采用“振動輸送分離+雙重緩沖減速+低位鋪放減損” 的薯-土-雜分離工藝,設計了一種低位鋪放雙重緩沖減損馬鈴薯收獲機,,主要由挖掘裝置,、仿形松土限深裝置、低位鋪放輸送分離裝置,、2級振動裝置,、切土切蔓裝置、雙重緩沖簾,、平土壓實裝置等部分組成,。在闡述總體結構及工作原理基礎上,建立薯塊運動模型,,確定關鍵部件參數(shù),。薯土分離階段分為振動輸送分離段和低位鋪放緩沖分離段,以在滿足高效分離的同時降低破皮率,;優(yōu)化改進后的仿形松土限深輪,,作用在薯壟內(nèi)部薯塊上的擠壓力相對減小,即達到薯土松離效果的同時降低傷薯率,;平土壓實裝置,,可有效避免薯塊被挖掘分離后被再次掩埋,,利于撿拾且提高明薯率。臺架試驗利用碰撞檢測技術,,分析低位鋪放環(huán)節(jié)的碰撞沖擊特征,,以揭示緩沖簾減損機理。試驗結果表明,,在收獲速度為0.88,、1.16m/s時,純作業(yè)時間生產(chǎn)率分別為0.41,、0.54hm2/h,,傷薯率分別為103%和0.84%,破皮率分別為1.52%和0.95%,,各項性能指標均滿足相關標準的要求

    Abstract:

    To reduce the losses of bruising and damage, an appropriate available potato-soil separation technology is essential during the potato harvesting process. Combined with the agronomic techniques of potato cultivation in the north of China, a potato harvester with double cushions at low position laying stage was designed, which was developed with the potato-soil-impurity separation technology of vibration separation, double cushions, and low position laying. The harvester was mainly composed of excavating device, soil loosening and depth limiting device, low position laying and separation device, 2-level vibration device, soil cutting and seedlings cutting device, double cushions, soil compacting and flatting device and other parts. The kinetic models were established at the low position laying stage, and structural parameters of primary components were determined. The potato-soil separation device was divided into vibration separation stages and low position laying separation stage with double cushions, to improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the harvesting losses. The loosening and depth limiting device was improved to reduce the bruising and damage. Simultaneously, the soil compacting device could effectively prevent potatoes from being buried by soil again after being excavated and separated, which was conducive to picking up and improving the average exposing rate. By impact recording technology, the impact characteristics of potatoes were analyzed at low position laying segment. It was shown that by the test results, the productivity was 0.41hm2/h and 0.54hm2/h, the damage rate was 1.03% and 0.84%, and the bruising rate was 1.52% and 0.95% at harvesting speed of 0.88m/s and 1.16\m/s, respectively. It was noteworthy that the performance indexes met the relevant standards. The research result provided a reference for further study on reducing the potato-soil separation losses to minimum and the optimization and the improvement of separation technology.

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魏忠彩,李洪文,蘇國粱,孫傳祝,劉文政,李學強.低位鋪放雙重緩沖馬鈴薯收獲機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(9):140-152. WEI Zhongcai, LI Hongwen, SU Guoliang, SUN Chuanzhu, LIU Wenzheng, LI Xueqiang. Design and Experiment of Potato Harvester Using Double Cushions for Low Laying Separation Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):140-152.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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