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噴灌條件下水氮用量對玉米氮素吸收轉運的影響
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(51779046)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFC0407301)


Effect of Water Nitrogen Dosage on Nitrogen Absorption and Transformation of Maize under Sprinkler Irrigation Condition
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    摘要:

    為揭示不同水氮管理模式下玉米花前、花后氮素吸收、轉運規(guī)律,探究作物氮,、肥料氮,、土壤氮之間的關系以及干物質吸收轉運規(guī)律,,以大田試驗為基礎,,采用15N同位素示蹤技術,,設置3個灌水定額水平(W1:40mm,,W2:60mm,,W3:80mm)和4個施氮量水平(N0:0kg/hm2,N1:180kg/hm2,,N2:240kg/hm2,,N3:300kg/hm2),分析比較了不同水氮管理模式對玉米氮素累積量,、轉運量,、氮素籽粒貢獻率、肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收轉運規(guī)律,,以及干物質轉運量和干物質籽粒貢獻率的影響,。結果表明:氮肥回收率為21.27%~44.64%,N2W2處理的氮肥回收率最高,。成熟期各器官氮素累積量由大到小依次為籽粒,、葉、莖,、穗葉,,中等施氮水平下植株氮素累積量最高,玉米植株氮素在W1水平顯著降低(P<0.05)。各器官氮素轉運量由大到小依次為葉,、莖,、穗葉,施氮處理整株玉米氮素轉運量較未施氮處理均有所提高,, N2W2處理氮素轉運量最高,,與其他處理差異顯著(P<0.05)。參與轉運的氮素中,,土壤氮轉運量大于肥料氮轉運量,。玉米各器官15N轉運量和土壤氮轉運量由大到小依次為葉、莖,、穗葉,,整株玉米植株中參與轉運的氮素有22.43%~39.45%來自肥料,中等施氮灌水處理各器官在向籽粒轉運較高肥料氮的同時,,還能保證較高的土壤氮轉運量,。不同器官氮素籽粒貢獻率由大到小依次為葉、莖,、穗葉,各器官氮素轉運量占籽粒氮素累積量的18.29%~44.29%,,貢獻率最大值出現(xiàn)在N2W2處理,。干物質轉運量以及籽粒貢獻率均由大到小依次為莖、葉,、穗葉,,N2W2處理籽粒干物質累積量和干物質籽粒貢獻率均最高。結合玉米干物質累積與轉運規(guī)律以及氮素吸收利用規(guī)律,,建議當?shù)赜衩追N植采用灌水60mm,、施氮240kg/hm2的水氮管理模式。研究結果可為東北地區(qū)玉米水氮管理方式提供理論支持,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to reveal the response of nitrogen uptake and transformation under different water and nitrogen conditions at pre and postflower, meanwhile to investigate the relationship between crop nitrogen, fertilizer nitrogen, soil nitrogen and dry matter absorption and transport. Based on the 15N isotope tracing technique, the experiment with three irrigation levels (W1:40mm, W2:60mm, W3:80mm) and four nitrogen levels (N0:0kg/hm2, N1:180kg/hm2, N2:240kg/hm2, and N3:300kg/hm2) were carried out in field conditions. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate was 21.27%~44.64%, and the best value was obtained in N2W2 plot. If making a comparison of nitrogen accumulation in each organ at maturity stage, the best was in grain, then was in leaf, stem, and the last was in ear leaf. With moderate nitrogen application regime, the nitrogen accumulation in plants was the highest, however, in W1 plot, it was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The order of nitrogen transformation rate from the largest to the smallest was leaf, stem and ear leaf. The best nitrogen transformation rate was achieved with N2W2 practice which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05). The amount of soil nitrogen involved in transformation was greater than the amount of fertilizer nitrogen. The 15N transformation and soil nitrogen transformation of various organs of maize from the largest to the smallest was leaf, stem, and stem leaves. Totally 22.43% ~ 39.45% of nitrogen transformation in plant came from fertilizers, the moderate water and nitrogen treatment could keep higher soil nitrogen transformation. The order of contribution rate of nitrogen grain in different organs from the largest to the smallest as leaf, stem and ear leaf. Nitrogen transformation in various organ accounted for 18.29%~44.29% of the nitrogen accumulation in the grain, and the N2W2 plot had the best value. Dry matter transformation and grain contribution rate from the largest to the smallest isstem, leaf and spike leaf, and the greatest value was got in N2W2 treatment. Therefore, a clear conclusion was that the irrigation of 60mm and nitrogen application of 240kg/hm2 were the best.

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張忠學,劉明,齊智娟.噴灌條件下水氮用量對玉米氮素吸收轉運的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(8):299-308. ZHANG Zhongxue, LIU Ming, QI Zhijuan. Effect of Water Nitrogen Dosage on Nitrogen Absorption and Transformation of Maize under Sprinkler Irrigation Condition[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):299-308.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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