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懸掛式多輪支撐旱地激光平地機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0701105)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31601225)


Design and Experiment on Multi-wheel Support Laser Land Leveler Hanging on Tractor
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    摘要:

    針對牽引式旱地激光平地機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑大,、兩輪支撐易出現(xiàn)壓實輪轍,、小田塊精準(zhǔn)平地適應(yīng)性差等問題,,設(shè)計了一種懸掛式多輪支撐旱地激光平地機(jī),該機(jī)通過拖拉機(jī)三點懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)浮動功能與多輪支撐相結(jié)合,,實現(xiàn)激光控制平地作業(yè),。建立了平地鏟浮動調(diào)節(jié)數(shù)學(xué)模型,,確定了平地機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與工作參數(shù),,分析了支撐輪對土壤的壓實,設(shè)計了由兩組剛性輪組成的支撐輪結(jié)構(gòu),,減小了支撐輪對松軟土壤的壓實輪轍,。田間試驗結(jié)果表明,懸掛式多輪支撐旱地激光平地機(jī)作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,,田面最大高程差從平整前20.8cm降至平整后7.3cm,,相對高程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差Sd從平整前4.48cm下降到平整后1.72cm,平整后絕對差值小于3cm的采樣測量點累計百分比91.94%,,顯著改善了田面平整情況,滿足田塊精準(zhǔn)平地要求,。平地前后網(wǎng)格點土壤緊實度分析結(jié)果表明,,懸掛式多輪支撐旱地激光平地機(jī)的多支撐輪對試驗田塊0~17.5cm深度范圍的土壤緊實度具有一定的壓實影響,深度達(dá)17.5cm及以上時,,土壤緊實度基本穩(wěn)定,,整田表層土壤壓實均勻。松軟土壤經(jīng)過均勻壓實后,,減小了土壤后期的沉降,,保證了田面平整度。通〖JP3〗過作圖法對比分析了懸掛式平地機(jī)與牽引式平地機(jī)在田角處不能平整的面積比例,平整100m×100m,、36.5m×36.5m,、25.8m×25.8m田塊時,牽引式平地機(jī)不能平整面積占比分別為0.78%,、5.8%和19.4%,,而懸掛式平地機(jī)不能平整面積占比小,分別為0.09%,、0.68%和2.25%,,表明懸掛式平地機(jī)小田塊平地作業(yè)更具優(yōu)勢。

    Abstract:

    The laser land leveling of turning radius is large and the twowheel support is easy to appear rim, which is not suitable for the accurate flat land of the small field. A multiwheel support laser land leveling hanging on tractor was designed. By analyzing the floating function of the threepoint suspension mechanism of the tractor and the multiwheel support, the working principle of the lasercontrolled flat shovel was realized. The mathematical model of the floating lifting shovel was established, and the structural parameters and working parameters of the grader were determined. Based on compaction analysis of the support wheel, the support wheel structure composing of two sets of rigid wheels was designed, which reduced the compaction and rim of the soft surface of the twowheel support. The field test of the prototype showed that the operation performance of the machine was stable. The maximum elevation difference and standard deviation of the field were reduced from 20.8cm and 4.48cm to 7.3cm and 1.72cm, respectively. The cumulative percentage of the sampling points with the absolute difference between the sampling point and the mean was less than 3cm was 9194%, which can significantly improve the smoothing of the field and meet the requirements of accurate flat land in the small field. The soil compaction degree of the grid points before and after the flat ground was compared and analyzed, which indicated that the compaction effect of the multiwheel support on the test field appeared at 0~17.5cm. However, when the depth was more than 17.5cm, the soil compaction was basically stable, and the surface soil of the whole field was compacted evenly. Moreover, the soft soil was moderately compacted after leveling, which reduced the sedimentation in the later stage of the soil and ensured the smoothness of the field. The percentage of an area that can not be leveled in the field corners of the traction leveler and hanging leveler was analyzed through the mapping method. The result showed that in the 100m×100m, 36.5m×36.5m and 25.8m×25.8m, the proportion of area that can not be leveled with traction leveler was 0.78%,,5.8% and 19.4%, respectively, while the hanging leveler was only 0.09%, 0.68% and 2.25%, respectively, which showed that the hanging leveler was more suitable for small field flats.

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胡煉,杜攀,羅錫文,周浩,唐靈茂,蘇洪毅.懸掛式多輪支撐旱地激光平地機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(8):15-21. HU Lian, DU Pan, LUO Xiwen, ZHOU Hao, TANG Lingmao, SU Hongyi. Design and Experiment on Multi-wheel Support Laser Land Leveler Hanging on Tractor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):15-21.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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