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基于黃牛舌尖絲狀乳突結(jié)構(gòu)的仿生脫粒齒形設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700302)


Bionic Design and Experiment of Threshing Tooth Based on Structure of Cattle Apex Tongue Filiform Papillae
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    摘要:

    為解決小麥機(jī)械脫粒過程中脫凈率低的問題,,以牛舌舌尖表面絲狀乳突結(jié)構(gòu)為仿生原型,開展了小麥仿生脫粒齒形設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn),。對(duì)牛舌舌尖表面進(jìn)行形貌特征觀測(cè),,發(fā)現(xiàn)舌尖表面絲狀乳突分布密度大,,結(jié)構(gòu)特征明顯,絲狀乳突的輪廓呈圓錐狀,,下粗上細(xì),,整體相對(duì)粗壯,,尖部呈半球形,,與牛舌表面呈35°~40°夾角,向口腔方向傾斜,。構(gòu)建“乳突-物料”接觸工作界面,,包括完全分離、初始接觸,、乳突插入物料及完全接觸4個(gè)過程,。基于絲狀乳突結(jié)構(gòu)特征參數(shù),,構(gòu)建仿生齒形模型,,進(jìn)行單仿生齒形脫粒仿真試驗(yàn),得到單仿生齒形脫粒最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合:放大比例為2.5,、行進(jìn)速度為15mm/s,、傾角為38°、接觸位置為齒形全高度的0.2倍處,、材料為Q345碳鋼,。設(shè)計(jì)了仿生脫粒齒形試驗(yàn)部件及臺(tái)架,進(jìn)行仿生脫粒齒形正交試驗(yàn),,并對(duì)脫粒過程進(jìn)行攝像分析,。結(jié)果表明,仿生脫粒齒形試驗(yàn)部件的脫粒性能良好,,脫凈率介于97.5%~99.5%之間,;最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合為:放大比例2.565、傾角39.8°,、脫粒間隙9.11mm,。

    Abstract:

    Threshing is an important working operation in wheat harvesting process. However, low threshed rate is an important problem restricting threshing operation, so it is urgent to innovate threshing mechanism and improve threshing parts. Cattles were typical ruminants and their tongues provided a natural biological model for bionic threshing. The filiform papillae was observed on the surface of the tongue tip of cattle by scanning electronic microscope. The distribution density of filiform papillae was large, and its structural characteristics were obvious. Its outline was conical, and its tip was hemispherical. The filiform papillae was inclined and the inclination angle was 35°~40°. The “papillae-material” contact working interface was constructed, including four working steps of complete separation, initial contact, papillaematerial insertion and complete contact. Based on structural characteristic parameters of filiform papillae, the bionic tooth model was constructed and the simulation test of bionic tooth threshing was carried out. The optimal combination of parameters for bionic tooth threshing was obtained. The optimal combination was 2.5 times magnify ratio, 15mm/s movement speed, 38° inclination angle, contact position for 0.2 times the height of tooth form the whole place, Q345 material. The bionic tooth threshing bench test was carried out and the threshing process was analyzed by camera. The regression model and response surfaces were established by orthogonal test. Response surface analysis showed that the threshing performance of bionic tooth was good, and the threshed rate was ranged from 97.5% to 99.5%. The optimal structure parameter combination of bionic tooth was obtained. The magnify times was 2.565, the inclination angle was 39.8°, and the threshing clearance was 9.11mm.

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付君,張屹晨,陳志,任露泉,程超.基于黃牛舌尖絲狀乳突結(jié)構(gòu)的仿生脫粒齒形設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(7):167-176. FU Jun, ZHANG Yichen, CHEN Zhi, REN Luquan, CHENG Chao. Bionic Design and Experiment of Threshing Tooth Based on Structure of Cattle Apex Tongue Filiform Papillae[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):167-176.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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