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基于激光雷達(dá)的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作微地貌測(cè)量裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201503118-06),、湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目和國(guó)家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Microtopography Measuring Device for Agricultural Cultivation Based on LiDAR
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有地表微地貌測(cè)量裝置難以兼顧農(nóng)業(yè)耕種作業(yè)后地表微地貌測(cè)量的精度和效率、部分測(cè)量裝置單次測(cè)量覆蓋區(qū)域不能滿足統(tǒng)計(jì)要求的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一套由激光雷達(dá)、直線導(dǎo)軌、便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)和支架等構(gòu)成的非接觸式地表微地貌測(cè)量裝置,,開發(fā)了以STM32單片機(jī)為核心的步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)控制器,,并與上位機(jī)軟件形成整套采集系統(tǒng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)激光雷達(dá)精確定位并快速獲取地表三維坐標(biāo),。該裝置典型分辨率在激光雷達(dá)掃描方向?yàn)?.8~10mm,垂直掃描方向可在毫米精度范圍內(nèi)任意設(shè)置,,測(cè)距分辨率為1mm,;測(cè)量區(qū)域覆蓋面積典型值為6.8m2,垂直掃描方向分辨率為10mm時(shí),,單次測(cè)量時(shí)間低于2.5min,。通過(guò)分析測(cè)量誤差來(lái)源,建立了系統(tǒng)誤差補(bǔ)償模型,,在15次均值濾波的條件下,,該裝置測(cè)量最大絕對(duì)誤差為2.7mm,最大平均絕對(duì)誤差為0.9mm,。油菜機(jī)械直播后地表微地貌測(cè)量試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:利用Matlab生成的地表三維模型可以精確地重構(gòu)原有地表微地貌特征,,測(cè)量結(jié)果與實(shí)際地表高度變化吻合度較高;測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明,固定區(qū)域內(nèi)均方根高度和相關(guān)長(zhǎng)度測(cè)量值需分別在16次和64次的等距采樣下達(dá)到穩(wěn)定均值,,而畦溝相關(guān)評(píng)價(jià)參數(shù)也需要多組樣本計(jì)算才具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the fact that the existing surface microtopography measuring device is difficult to achieve the accuracy and efficiency of surface measurement simultaneously after mechanical cultivation operations, a non-contact surface microtopography measuring device composed of LiDAR, linear guide, portable computer and bracket was developed. The stepping motor drive controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer was developed, and a complete acquisition system was built up combined with the upper computer software. The system can realize precise positioning of the LiDAR and quickly obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface. The typical resolution of the device was 3.8~10mm in the LiDAR scanning direction, the vertical scanning direction can be arbitrarily set within the millimeter precision range, the ranging resolution was 1mm;the coverage area was 6.8m2 typically, when the vertical scanning direction resolution was 10mm, the single measurement time was less than 2.5min. By analyzing the source of measurement error, the system error compensation model was established. Under the condition of 15 mean filtering, the maximum absolute error of the device was 2.7mm and the maximum average absolute error was 0.9mm. The device was investigated on rapeseed surface area after direct seeding of the crop. Test results revealed that the surface three-dimensional model generated by Matlab can accurately reconstruct the original microtopography surface features, and the measurement results were consistent with the actual surface height fluctuation. The statistical analysis showed that for attaining stable results, the root mean square height and the correlation length in the fixed size area needed to be sampled 16 times and 64 times, respectively.

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劉立超,魏國(guó)粱,張青松,肖文立,孫文成,廖慶喜.基于激光雷達(dá)的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作微地貌測(cè)量裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(7):84-92. LIU Lichao, WEI Guoliang, ZHANG Qingsong, XIAO Wenli, SUN Wencheng, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment of Microtopography Measuring Device for Agricultural Cultivation Based on LiDAR[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):84-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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