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豆類作物一器雙行氣吸式高速精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家食用豆產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-08)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700703)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Precision Seed-metering Device with Single Seed-metering Plate for Double-row
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    摘要:

    為解決豆類作物窄行密植種植模式下高速精量播種的問題,設(shè)計了一種一器雙行氣吸式高速精量排種器,采用單風(fēng)道單排種盤實(shí)現(xiàn)雙行播種作業(yè),。闡述了其基本結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,,對關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行了理論分析,,確定了工作區(qū)域,,明確了排種盤的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,,建立了主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,。以影響排種器工作性能的主要因素吸孔直徑,、真空度和機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,進(jìn)行了三因素三水平的Box-Behnken旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗(yàn),。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:吸孔直徑4.5mm,、真空度4.5kPa、前進(jìn)速度10km/h為最優(yōu)組合,,在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合條件下,,內(nèi)圈合格率為97.83%,內(nèi)圈漏播率為0.62%,,外圈合格率為98.24%,,外圈漏播率為0.47%,滿足設(shè)計要求,。為考察排種器的速度適應(yīng)性,,進(jìn)行了速度單因素試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,,速度在14km/h以內(nèi)時,,內(nèi)、外圈合格率大于93%,,內(nèi),、外圈漏播率小于5%,內(nèi),、外圈重播率小于2%,。為驗(yàn)證排種器對不同豆類品種的適應(yīng)性,選取豌豆,、小豆和綠豆為試驗(yàn)材料,,根據(jù)豆類外形尺寸選取不同吸孔尺寸種盤,進(jìn)行了品種適應(yīng)性試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,,內(nèi)、外圈合格率大于97%,,內(nèi),、外圈漏播率小于1%,,內(nèi)、外圈重播率小于3%,,均優(yōu)于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,,具有良好的品種適應(yīng)性。

    Abstract:

    Under the narrow-row-dense planting mode of beans, it is difficult to achieve high-speed precision seeding. However, a pneumatic precision seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row was developed, which used single-channel and single-row seeding tray to realize double-row seeding operation. The basic structure and working principle were expounded. The working area of the seeding device was divided, the structural form of the seeding tray was determined, the key parameters of the main structure were analyzed and the mathematical model was determined. The experiment was employed through the method of Box-Behnken orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and three levels according to the GB 6973—2005 national standard. In test, soybean seed Zhonghuang 37 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis, hole diameter, vacuum degree, forward speed were taken as main influencing factors, the seed qualified index and missing index were taken as response index. The results showed that the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner qualified index was the vacuum degree, hole diameter and forward speed, the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner missing rate was vacuum degree, forward speed and hole diameter, the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer eligible rate was vacuum degree,,forward speed and hole diameter, the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer qualified index was hole diameter,,vacuum degree and forward speed. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the hole diameter was 4.5mm, the vacuum degree was 4.5kPa, the working speed was 10km/h, and under the optimal combinations, the inner eligible rate was 97.83%, the inner missing index was 0.62%, the outer eligible rate was 98.24%, the outer missing rate was 0.47%. The verification test was repeated 10 times, the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results. Then, a speed single factor test was carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer eligible rate were more than 93%, the inner and outer missing rate were not more than 5%, and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 2%. At last, the adaptation tests of peas, mung beans and adzuki beans were carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer circle eligible rate were more than 97%, the inner and outer missing rate were not more than 1%, and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 3%. The results of the research laid a foundation for the development of pneumatic precision seed-metering device for bean, and provided a reference for the research of bean narrow-row and flat-dense planter.

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李玉環(huán),楊麗,張東興,崔濤,丁力,魏亞男.豆類作物一器雙行氣吸式高速精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(7):61-73. LI Yuhuan, YANG Li, ZHANG Dongxing, CUI Tao, DING Li, WEI Ya’nan. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Precision Seed-metering Device with Single Seed-metering Plate for Double-row[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):61-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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