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基于恒力機(jī)構(gòu)的香蕉落梳裝置設(shè)計(jì)與自適應(yīng)性分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51675189)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(CARS-31)和廣東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2017LM2153)


Design and Analysis of Self-adaptability in Banana Crown-cutting Device Based on Constant-force Mechanism
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)香蕉機(jī)械化落梳過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的自適應(yīng)性差的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了基于恒力機(jī)構(gòu)的可自適應(yīng)環(huán)抱蕉莖插切式香蕉落梳裝置,并對(duì)落梳裝置的徑向自適應(yīng)性和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)自適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行了分析,。采用兩斜置壓縮彈簧的結(jié)構(gòu),引入負(fù)剛度,,再與正剛度的水平壓縮彈簧并聯(lián)組成恒力機(jī)構(gòu),,提高了落梳刀具組對(duì)果軸粗細(xì)的徑向自適應(yīng)性,對(duì)恒力機(jī)構(gòu)的力-位移特性曲線和剛度-位移特性曲線進(jìn)行分析,并優(yōu)選關(guān)鍵參數(shù),,得出斜置壓縮彈簧的剛度系數(shù)k1=12N/mm,,水平壓縮彈簧的剛度系數(shù)k2=3N/mm,初始狀態(tài)斜置壓簧的傾斜角θ0=36.87°,,恒力行程對(duì)應(yīng)的落梳刀組包絡(luò)圓直徑范圍為80~100mm,,對(duì)應(yīng)的恒力f=180N。在加載有扭簧的虎克鉸鏈基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了可釋放兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)自由度的落梳刀盤(pán),,根據(jù)測(cè)定的香蕉果軸彎曲度設(shè)置刀盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)角范圍為±10°,,根據(jù)建立的三維模型中的幾何參數(shù)得出,落梳刀具末端的工作空間是一個(gè)半徑為300mm的球面,。對(duì)落梳刀具末端的柔度矩陣進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,,落梳刀盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)角為0°,,即刀盤(pán)與機(jī)架上底面平行時(shí)線柔度最大,最大值為0.8182mm/N,,落梳刀盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)角為10°時(shí)線柔度最小,,最小值為0.77mm/N,說(shuō)明落梳刀具末端的線柔度隨刀盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)角的增大而減小,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,梳柄切口符合試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的蕉梳占所有樣本的81.25%,切口質(zhì)量良好,,該裝置設(shè)計(jì)合理,,且滿足實(shí)際落梳作業(yè)的要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to solve the problem of poor adaptability in the process of mechanized banana crown-cutting, an adaptable banana crown-cutting device by stalk-surrounding and insert-cutting was designed, which was based on constant-force mechanism, and the radial adaptability and rotational adaptability of banana crown-cutting device were analyzed. A constant-force mechanism was introduced in the device, including two oblique compression springs provided negative stiffness and one horizontal compression spring provided positive stiffness, which enhanced the radial adaptability of the device. The force-displacement characteristic curves and stiffness-displacement characteristic curves of the constant-force mechanism were analyzed and the key parameters were also optimized. The stiffness coefficient of oblique spring in the constant-force mechanism was 12N/mm and the stiffness coefficient of horizontal spring was 3N/mm. In the initial state, the inclination angle of the oblique spring was 36.87°. The diameter of the enveloping circle was 80~100mm when the device was in constant force state, meanwhile, the constant force was 180N. Based on the Hooke hinge, reversible cutting platforms that can release two free rotational degrees were designed. The cutting platforms’ rotational angle was set as ±10°, according to the curvature of banana stalks. According to the geometric parameters of the established 3D model, the working space at the end of the cutter was a spherical surface with a radius of 300mm. The flexibility matrix of the cutter-end was analyzed. The result showed that when the rotational angle of the cutting platform was 0°, the flexibility of the cutter-end was the largest and the maximum value was 0.8182mm/N,and when the rotational angle of the cutting platform was 10°, the flexibility of the cutter-end was the smallest and the minimum value was 0.77mm/N. The results showed that the flexibility of the cutter-end was decreased gradually when the cutting platforms’ reversal angle became bigger. The tests showed that 81.25% of samples fulfilled requirements, the quality of the incisions were good. The machine, which was reasonably designed, fulfilled the requirements of banana crown-cutting.

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楊洲,郭杰,金莫輝,段潔利,付函,許澤宇.基于恒力機(jī)構(gòu)的香蕉落梳裝置設(shè)計(jì)與自適應(yīng)性分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(6):148-155. YANG Zhou, GUO Jie, JIN Mohui, DUAN Jieli, FU Han, XU Zeyu. Design and Analysis of Self-adaptability in Banana Crown-cutting Device Based on Constant-force Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(6):148-155.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-10
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