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種腔自凈型氣吸式玉米小區(qū)精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0701200-2017YFD0701201)


Design and Experiment of Air-suction Precision Seed Meter with Self-clearing Seed Chamber for Corn Plot Test
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    摘要:

    為滿足玉米育種試驗(yàn)的播種需要,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種種腔自凈型氣吸式精量排種器,,該排種器的充種腔與清種腔相互獨(dú)立,,排種與清種過程互不干擾,自凈率達(dá)100%,。通過考察育種試驗(yàn)用種子的形狀,,并結(jié)合育種試驗(yàn)的特點(diǎn),確定了排種器關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),。對(duì)種子吸附的過程進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,,并利用EDEM軟件仿真驗(yàn)證了種量較少時(shí)攪種盤的種群擾動(dòng)作用,。利用Fluent軟件模擬驗(yàn)證了當(dāng)剩余種子不超過10粒、清種時(shí)間不超過1s的情況下,,清種真空度大于3kPa時(shí),,可保證剩余種子全部清出。對(duì)育種試驗(yàn)用種子進(jìn)行分級(jí)處理,,在真空度3~4kPa范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,清種階段已吸附在吸孔上的任一規(guī)格種子均能正常播種,。排種器臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,,播種機(jī)作業(yè)速度小于3.6km/h,真空度6~8kPa,,刮種板工作面距離吸孔中心2~4mm范圍內(nèi)時(shí),,排種器的漏播率小于1%,重播率小于4%,,合格指數(shù)大于95%,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,,能實(shí)現(xiàn)有效排種,,同時(shí)保證清種率達(dá)到100%。排種器田間試驗(yàn)證明,,出苗效果符合育種試驗(yàn)的播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to meet the needs of corn breeding test, an air-suction precision seed meter with self-clearing seed chamber was designed, whose seed chamber and seed clearing chamber were independent of each other. The process of metering and clearing did not interfere with each other. The self-purification rate could achieve 100%. The shape of breeding seeds was analyzed, and the key structural parameters of seed meter were determined according to the characteristics of breeding experiment. Dynamics analysis of the process of seed adsorption was carried out, and EDEM software was used to verify the disturbance of churn plate to the fewer population. Fluent software was used to simulate the seed clearing process. It was proved that when the remaining seeds were not more than 10 and the clearing time was not more than 1s, the vacuum of clearing seeds was greater than 3kPa, the remaining seeds could be cleared completely. Seeds used in breeding experiments were graded, single factor experiments were carried out in the vacuum range of 3~4kPa. The results showed that seeds adsorbed on suction holes in the clearing stage could still be sown normally regardless of their specifications. Experiments of the normal seeding stage were carried out on the JPS-12 test bench. When the vacuum was between 6kPa and 8kPa, the operation speed of the seeder was less than 3.6km/h, and the working face of the scraper was within 2~4mm from the suction hole center, the qualified index of seed spacing exceeded 95%, the missing-seeding rate and the reseeding rate were less than 1% and 4%, respectively. Each index met the national standard. The performance of seed metering device was effective while the clearance rate could reach 100%. The field experiment of seeder proved that the seedling emergence effect met the seeding requirement of breeding experiment. 

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楊薇,方憲法,李建東,李雷霞.種腔自凈型氣吸式玉米小區(qū)精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(6):64-73. YANG Wei, FANG Xianfa, LI Jiandong, LI Leixia. Design and Experiment of Air-suction Precision Seed Meter with Self-clearing Seed Chamber for Corn Plot Test[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(6):64-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-10
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