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基于融合深度信息的自動噴霧車全局非線性軌跡優(yōu)化方法
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江蘇省國際科技合作項目(BZ2017067),、江蘇省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(BE2018372),、江蘇省自然科學基金項目(BK20181443),、鎮(zhèn)江市重點研發(fā)計劃項目(NY2018001),、江蘇高校青藍工程項目和江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學科項目(PAPD)


Path Optimization Method Using Fusion Depth Information and Nonlinear Pose Estimation
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    摘要:

    針對傳統(tǒng)的基于深度信息的噴霧車軌跡優(yōu)化方法存在定位精度差、浮點漂移、深度信息幀易丟失等問題,提出了一種融合深度信息的全局非線性軌跡優(yōu)化方法。在噴霧車前進過程中使用RealSense傳感器實時獲取連續(xù)彩色信息幀,,提取并優(yōu)化重疊區(qū)域的FAST特征點,計算BRIEF描述子,,通過快速最近鄰算法進行特征匹配,,并使用Nanoflann算法加速特征匹配過程。在獲取連續(xù)關鍵幀的匹配點對后,,對特征點對進行校驗,,剔除誤匹配點對,利用對極幾何融合深度信息計算兩相鄰關鍵幀部分匹配點對的本質(zhì)矩陣,,并針對剩余匹配點對進行重投影獲取重投影誤差,。統(tǒng)籌全局連續(xù)關鍵幀,綜合所有關鍵幀中匹配點的重投影誤差,,構建圖優(yōu)化,,并通過Dogleg算法多次迭代獲取當前噴霧車的精確位姿。該方法避免了單一依賴深度信息估計噴霧車軌跡時,,出現(xiàn)位姿估計誤差較大和深度信息幀丟失導致無法定位的問題,。采用本文算法估計的噴霧車行駛軌跡更加接近于真實軌跡,其偏離真實軌跡誤差均值下降了1.07cm,,方差下降了2.14cm,,超調(diào)量降低了2.13cm,提高了車行駛軌跡的魯棒性,。

    Abstract:

    In the agricultural field spray application process, the traditional human spray, because of large amount of labor, toxic to human body, was gradually replaced by other spray methods. One of the most popular methods is the smart spray of mobile cars. For autonomous driving vehicles applied with intelligent variable spray, the detection and accurate positioning of feature points play an important role in autonomous driving of robots. Feature detection is equivalent to the eyes of the car to obtain plant information, road condition. Accurate positioning is equivalent to the brain of the car. After the car acquires color information and depth information, it finds its exact position and guides the car to drive independently. In the process of continuous development of the visual synchronous localization algorithm of selfpropelled vehicle, the traditional path optimization based on the traditional filtering form has the phenomenon of poor positioning accuracy and floating point drift. For the stable running of the car, precise spray has a great impact. To solve this problem, a method of global nonlinear optimization with depth information was proposed. The RealSense camera was used to obtain continuous color and depth information frames in real time. Firstly, through the continuous color information frames obtained, the FAST feature points of the overlapped part were extracted, the scale invariance and rotation invariance were optimized, and the BRIEF description was calculated to obtain the feature description of two consecutive key frame repetition regions. Then, feature matching was performed by the nearest neighbor algorithm, and Nanoflann algorithm was used to accelerate the matching process. After obtaining the matching point pair of continuous key frames, the minimum distance method was used to screen the mismatched points, and the random sampling consistency method (RANSAC) based on the basic matrix was used to test the matching point pair. After eliminating the false match and obtaining the correct match point, PnP was used to calculate the pose change of continuous key frames, calculate the residual error, and build the incremental equation. Dogleg algorithm was used to estimate the pose of continuous key frames for multiple iterations and optimization to obtain the precise pose of spray car. At the same time, in the process of calculating the residual error iterative optimization, the bit-pose calculated by the RealSense acquisition depth information and the bit-pose calculated by the polar constraint solution were integrated into the iterative optimization. Compared with the single depth information correction mode, the algorithm effectively improved the positioning accuracy of the car. When the depth information collection was lost, the polar constraint compensated the process of vehicle posture estimation, and improved the robustness of accurate realtime acquisition of vehicle track.

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劉慧,劉加林,沈躍,朱嘉慧,李尚龍.基于融合深度信息的自動噴霧車全局非線性軌跡優(yōu)化方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(5):33-42. LIU Hui, LIU Jialin, SHEN Yue, ZHU Jiahui, LI Shanglong. Path Optimization Method Using Fusion Depth Information and Nonlinear Pose Estimation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(5):33-42.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-05-10
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