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深層干化土壤水分恢復(fù)試驗(yàn)研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFC0504703)


Experiment on Dry Soil Water Restoration in Deep Layer
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    摘要:

    為探索黃土丘陵區(qū)深層干化土壤在不同覆蓋措施下的土壤水分恢復(fù)特征,在陜西省米脂縣丘陵山地建造大型模擬干化土壤土柱,地表分別進(jìn)行薄膜覆蓋、石子覆蓋、樹枝覆蓋、栽植棗樹、刺槐及裸地6個(gè)處理,對(duì)2014—2017年土壤水分進(jìn)行定位監(jiān)測(cè)。數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果表明:至試驗(yàn)期結(jié)束,薄膜覆蓋、石子覆蓋、樹枝覆蓋、裸地土壤水分恢復(fù)深度分別為1000、1000、700、480cm,薄膜覆蓋、石子覆蓋、樹枝覆蓋、裸地、棗樹、刺槐0~1000cm深度范圍內(nèi)土壤儲(chǔ)水量變化量分別為1211.4、853.4、662.5、523.2、17.8、-235.7mm,全年覆蓋降雨貯存效率分別為63.4%、42.4%、29.4%、23.0%、-8.5%、-20.3%,4年生棗樹耗水區(qū)域?yàn)?~300cm范圍,刺槐耗水深度達(dá)1000cm,棗樹年均蒸散量為586.4mm、刺槐年均蒸散量為666.5mm,是棗樹的1.1倍。該研究結(jié)果對(duì)黃土區(qū)大面積干化土壤修復(fù)及合理選擇人工栽植植物具有積極意義。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the soil water recovery under deep ground cover in the loess hilly region, a simulated soil column with depth of 1000cm and diameter of 80cm was constructed in the hilly hills of northern Shaanxi, and there were six treatments of surface: the film mulching was provided with 16 small holes with an asymmetric diameter of about 2mm for rainwater to enter and regularly updated every year;the stone mulching was uniform graveled with diameter from 2cm to 5cm, covering a thickness of 10cm;the branch mulching was cut jujube branches, the length was about 10cm, evenly covered after drying, the thickness was 10cm;bare land without any covered;planting jujube with a diameter of 1cm and height of 50cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds;planting locust with a diameter of 1cm and a height of 50cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds. Soil moisture content of sloping farmland was taken as reference. Analysis of the positioning monitoring data for 2014—2017 showed that at the end of the trial period, taking the average water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target, the film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching and bare soil moisture recovery depth was 1000cm, 1000cm, 700cm and 480cm;taking the actual soil water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target, the film mulching and stone mulching soil moisture recovery depth was 1000cm, the branch mulching recovery depth was 740cm, and the bare land recovery depth was 440cm. From the degree of recovery, the results were consistent. The water storage capacities of film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching, bare land, jujube tree and locust were increased by 1211.4mm, 853.4mm, 662.5mm, 523.2mm, 17.8mm and -235.7mm, respectively. The precipitation storage efficiency were 63.4%, 42.4%, 29.4%, 23.0%, -8.5% and -20.3%, respectively. The water consumption area of four years old jujube was ranged from 0cm to 300cm, its annual average evapotranspiration was 586.4mm, locust consumed water up to 1000cm, and its annual average evapotranspiration was 666.5mm, which was 1.1 times of jujube. The research result had positive significance for the largearea dry soil restoration in the loess area and the rational selection of artificially planted plants.

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田璐,張敬曉,高建恩,董建國(guó),汪有科.深層干化土壤水分恢復(fù)試驗(yàn)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(4):255-262. TIAN Lu, ZHANG Jingxiao, GAO Jian’en, DONG Jianguo, WANG Youke. Experiment on Dry Soil Water Restoration in Deep Layer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):255-262.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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