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谷子莖稈切割力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)與分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701801)


Experiment and Analysis of Cutting Mechanical Properties of Millet Stem
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    摘要:

    為減小谷子莖稈切割力、降低切割功耗,設(shè)計(jì)了莖稈往復(fù)式切割試驗(yàn)臺(tái),對(duì)谷子莖稈進(jìn)行不同收獲時(shí)間、莖稈部位、切割器組合形式、切割傾角、刀片斜角、平均切割速度和莖稈喂入速度的單因素切割試驗(yàn),并在單因素試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)平均切割速度、切割傾角和刀片斜角3個(gè)因素進(jìn)行響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn)。單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:收獲期莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗隨含水率的增大而減小;基部起莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗總體上隨莖稈高度的增加而減小,莖稈莖節(jié)極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗較莖稈節(jié)間大;莖稈雙支撐切割形式較單支撐切割形式極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗小;切割傾角0°~20°時(shí),莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗隨切割傾角的增大先減小后增大;刀片斜角0°~48°時(shí),莖稈極限切應(yīng)力隨刀片斜角的增大而減小,而單位面積切割功耗先減小后增大;平均切割速度0.5~1.5m/s時(shí),莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗隨平均切割速度的增大呈先減小后平穩(wěn)變化的趨勢(shì);莖稈喂入速度對(duì)切割力學(xué)特性無(wú)顯著影響。響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:試驗(yàn)因素對(duì)莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗影響的主次順序?yàn)槠骄懈钏俣取⒌镀苯恰⑶懈顑A角,且最優(yōu)切割參數(shù)為:平均切割速度1.19m/s、切割傾角7.2°、刀片斜角36.4°,最優(yōu)參數(shù)下莖稈極限切應(yīng)力和單位面積切割功耗分別為2.88MPa、22.38mJ/mm2,驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)值與預(yù)測(cè)值相對(duì)誤差不超過(guò)3.5%。刀片斜角對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明:刀片斜角36.4°較30°(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Ⅱ型動(dòng)刀)切割谷子莖稈時(shí),莖稈極限切應(yīng)力、單位面積切割功耗分別減小了6.6%、3.9%。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the cutting force and energy of millet stem, the reciprocating cutting test bench was developed to carry out the single factor cutting tests in different harvesting dates, stem region, combination of cutter, cutting inclination angle, blade oblique angle, average cutting speed and stem feeding speed. The response tests were carried out for three factors: average cutting speed, cutting inclination angle and blade oblique angle based on the single factor tests. The results of single factor tests showed that the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were decreased with the increase of moisture content during harvest period. The cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were decreased with the increase of stem height, and the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy of internodes were lower than those of nodes. The cutting stress and unit area cutting energy of double-support cutting form were lower than those of single-support cutting form. When the cutting inclination angle was 0°~20°, the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy was firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of cutting inclination angle. When the blade oblique angle was 0°~48°, the cutting stress was decreased with the increase of blade oblique angle, but the unit area cutting energy was decreased firstly and then increased. When the average cutting speed was 0.5~1.5m/s, the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were decreased firstly and then changed steadily with the increase of average cutting speed. The stem feeding speed had no significant effect on the cutting mechanical properties of the millet stem. The results of the response test showed that the order of three factors affecting the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were as follows: average cutting speed, blade oblique angle and cutting inclination angle. The optimal cutting parameters were the average cutting speed of 1.19m/s, the cutting inclination angle of 7.2°and the blade oblique angle of 36.4°. Under the optimal parameters combination, the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were 2.88MPa and 22.38mJ/mm2, respectively, and the relative error between verification test value and predicted value was less than 3.5%. The comparative test showed that the cutting stress and unit area cutting energy were reduced by 6.6% and 3.9%, respectively, when the blade oblique angle was 36.4° compared with that was 30° (standard typeⅡmoving blade).

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張燕青,崔清亮,郭玉明,李紅波.谷子莖稈切割力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)與分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(4):146-155,162. ZHANG Yanqing, CUI Qingliang, GUO Yuming, LI Hongbo. Experiment and Analysis of Cutting Mechanical Properties of Millet Stem[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):146-155,162.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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