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玉米收獲機清選裝置內(nèi)雜余拋送器設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51475090)、黑龍江省自然科學基金項目(E2017004)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0300103)


Design and Experiment of Mechanism of Throwing Impurity in Cleaning Device of Maize Grain Harvester
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    摘要:

    為滿足不斷提高的玉米產(chǎn)量對玉米收獲機清選能力的要求,提高篩面利用率、籽粒清潔率,降低籽粒損失率,運用理論分析設計了一種能夠在清選篩上部空間實現(xiàn)籽粒與雜余在豎直方向上分層、水平方向上分散的雜余拋送器。在豎直方向上,采用CFD-DEM耦合方法對玉米脫出物在雜余拋送器作用下的分層現(xiàn)象進行數(shù)值模擬。選取雜余拋送器的周向撥指數(shù)量、撥指回轉(zhuǎn)半徑、軸向相鄰指間距、撥輥旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度為試驗因素,以水平方向上雜余被拋送水平位移、籽粒與雜余被拋送水平重疊位移為性能指標,設計四因素五水平中心組合試驗。通過響應曲面方法對試驗結(jié)果進行分析,并利用Design-Expert對回歸數(shù)學模型進行多目標優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明:各因素對雜余被拋送水平位移影響由強到弱順序為:周向撥指數(shù)量、撥輥旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度、軸向相鄰指間距、撥指回轉(zhuǎn)半徑;各因素對籽粒與雜余被拋送水平重疊位移影響由強到弱順序為:周向撥指數(shù)量、軸向相鄰指間距、撥輥旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度、撥指回轉(zhuǎn)半徑。雜余拋送器優(yōu)化參數(shù)為:周向撥指數(shù)量8個,撥指回轉(zhuǎn)半徑80.18mm,軸向相鄰指間距12.44mm,撥輥旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度15.41rad/s。在清選裝置入口風速為12.8m/s、入口方向角為25°條件下,清選裝置入口玉米脫出物量為5~7kg/時,增設雜余拋送器的清選裝置籽粒清潔率均值為97.20%~98.74%,籽粒損失率均值為1.65%~1.82%,滿足玉米收獲機清選裝置在玉米脫出物大喂入量下的清選國家標準要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve cleaning performance of air-and-screen cleaning device in maize harvester, the mechanism of throwing impurity, which was installed in the upper space of cleaning screen to make maize mixture disperse in the horizontal direction and layer in the vertical direction, was invented to meet requirements of the increasing feeding quantity. The CFD-DEM coupling method was used to simulate the delamination of maize mixture with the help of mechanism of throwing impurity in the vertical direction. The experimental factors were the numbers of raking finger in circumferential direction, the rotation radii of raking finger, the spacing between fingers axially and the angular velocity of roll, and the performance indexes were the horizontal displacement of impurity threw and the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction. The quadratic orthogonal rotational-combinational simulation test was designed. The test data were analyzed by the response surface method, and the regression mathematical models were multi-objectively optimized by using Design-Expert. The results showed that the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the horizontal displacement of impurity threw, followed by the angular velocity of roll, then the spacing between fingers axially, finally the rotation radii of raking finger and the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction, followed by the spacing between fingers axially, then the angular velocity of roll, finally the rotation radii of raking finger. The optimized parameters of the mechanism of throwing impurity were the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction, which was 8, the rotation radii of raking finger of 80.18mm, the spacing between fingers axially of 12.44mm and the angular velocity of roll of 15.41rad/s. Under the condition of inlet velocities of 12.8m/s and direction angle of the inlet of 25°, when the feed quantity of maize mixture at the entrance of cleaning device was 5~7kg/s,the cleaning rate of maize with mechanism of throwing impurity in cleaning device was 97.20%~98.74% and the loss rate of maize was 1.65%~1.82%, which can meet the requirements of technical specification for quality evaluation of screening under the condition of large feed quantity.

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王立軍,李義博,鄭招輝,武振超,于泳濤,劉天華.玉米收獲機清選裝置內(nèi)雜余拋送器設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(4):124-136. WANG Lijun, LI Yibo, ZHENG Zhaohui, WU Zhenchao, YU Yongtao, LIU Tianhua. Design and Experiment of Mechanism of Throwing Impurity in Cleaning Device of Maize Grain Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):124-136.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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