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三七超窄行氣吸式精密排種器設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51305187)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700600-2017YFD0700604)、云南省重大科技專項(2016ZF001、2017ZF001、2018ZC001-3、2018ZC001-4、2018ZC001-5)、云南省教育廳項目(2016ZZX048)、云南省高校工程研究中心建設計劃項目和云南省科技廳創(chuàng)新團隊計劃項目


Design and Experiment of Air-suction Ultra-narrow-row Device for Precise Panax notoginseng Seed Metering
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    摘要:

    三七播種行株距均為50mm左右,屬于密集型精密播種。為實現(xiàn)三七超窄行精密播種,設計一種超窄行氣吸式精密排種器。通過理論計算與數(shù)值模擬,確定主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);以云南文山三七種子為播種對象,基于EDEM離散元軟件,對水滴形窩眼孔加工傾角影響充種性能進行仿真模擬試驗,得出較佳加工傾角為50°;以吸孔負壓、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速和種層高度為影響因素,以合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)和各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)為試驗指標,進行三因素二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:影響合格指數(shù)的主次順序為吸孔負壓、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速、種層高度;當種層高度為50mm、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為34~48r/min、吸孔負壓為560~660Pa時,合格指數(shù)大于93.0%,重播指數(shù)小于3.5%,漏播指數(shù)小于3.5%,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)小于3.0%,滿足三七播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Panax notoginseng is mainly grown in Yunnan Province. The planting area of Panax notoginseng has reached 672 km2 until December 2017. The row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings of Panax notoginseng are only 50mm. In order to achieve high-density precision seeding of Panax notoginseng, an air-suction ultra-narrow-row device was designed for precise seed metering. Based on mechanical-pneumatic seed filling technology, the seed metering wheel had water drop-shaped holes on both sides. The seed metering device was compact. Compared with the air-suction cylinder seed metering device, the air chamber was smaller, which had lower requirements for air volume and wind pressure stability. The Wenshan Panax notoginseng seeds were chosen for seeding object. The simulation test of mechanical filling performance was based on the discrete element method, and the machining angle of water drop-shaped hole was taken as the single experimental factor. And the optimum of processing angle was obtained as 50°. Based on the three-factor quadratic orthogonal rotating combination test method, the influences of rotation speed of seed metering wheel, negative pressure of sucking hole and height of seed layer on seeding performance were explored. The experimental results showed that the affecting order of the qualified index was negative pressure of sucking hole, rotation speed of seed metering wheel and height of seed layer. Based on the results of examination, it was found that the fitting of the equations was good, the best parameter combination was pricking height of seed layer of 50mm, rotation speed of seed metering wheel of 34~48r/min and negative pressure of sucking hole of 560~660Pa, and under the optimal condition, the qualified index was greater than 93.0%, the missing index was less than 3.5%, the multiple index was less than 3.5% and variation coefficient of each row displacement consistency was less than 3.0%. The air-suction ultra-narrow-row device for precise seed metering met the standard and requirements by comparing the results with the national standard and Panax notoginseng planting requirements. The approach of research was suitable for the exploitation of Panax notoginseng seed-metering device.

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賴慶輝,于慶旭,蘇微,孫凱.三七超窄行氣吸式精密排種器設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(4):102-112. LAI Qinghui, YU Qingxu, SU Wei, SUN Kai. Design and Experiment of Air-suction Ultra-narrow-row Device for Precise Panax notoginseng Seed Metering[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):102-112.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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