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氣力槽輪組合式蔬菜精密排種器吸嘴型孔設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0701300)


Design and Experiment on Suction Nozzle Type Hole of Pneumatic-sheave Combined Vegetable Precision Metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對蔬菜品種多、種子差異大的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣力槽輪組合式精密排種器,以滿足多種蔬菜種子類型精密播種的需求。設(shè)計(jì)的精密排種器采用二級(jí)排種方式,第一級(jí)采用小結(jié)構(gòu)槽輪排種器進(jìn)行排種,第二級(jí)采用負(fù)壓吸種、正壓投種的氣力排種器進(jìn)行排種;運(yùn)用三維激光掃描及三維點(diǎn)云計(jì)算方法,測量了青菜、蘿卜和茄子種子的三軸尺寸,并以此為依據(jù),設(shè)計(jì)了直孔、錐形孔、圓柱孔、腰圓孔等多種吸嘴型孔;以氣室真空度、排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速及吸嘴型孔類型為變量進(jìn)行了3種種子的排種性能試驗(yàn)。對氣室真空度采用單因素試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:適宜青菜、蘿卜、茄子排種的氣室真空度分別為4、5、3kPa;對排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速及吸嘴型孔類型采用完全組合試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為17.5~22.5r/min時(shí)3種種子的排種性能較好,尤其在20r/min時(shí)3種種子的排種合格率均達(dá)到最高。適宜青菜、蘿卜、茄子排種的吸嘴型孔分別為:錐形孔、腰圓孔和直孔,在最優(yōu)真空度及轉(zhuǎn)速條件下排種合格率分別達(dá)到97.0%、95.4%、93.7%,滿足播種指標(biāo)要求。

    Abstract:

    Precise seeding technology has become an important direction of vegetable seeder development. Considering the characteristics of multi-varieties and large differences in vegetable seeds, the requirements for sowing are also different. According to the above practical problems,a pneumatic-sheave combined precision metering device was designed which owned advantages such as simple structure and suitable for various vegetable seeds. The precision metering device adopted a two-stage seeding mode. The small grooved wheel seeding device adopted for the first part, negative pressure to adsorb seeds and positive pressure to remove seeds were adopted for the second part. Three-dimensional laser scanning and three-dimensional point cloud calculation method were used to measure the three-axis size of pakchoi, radish and eggplant seeds. Based on these data, several shapes of suction nozzles such as through hole, conical hole, cylindrical hole and kidney ellipsoid hole were designed. The single-factor test was used to obtain the best chamber vacuum for seeder. By applying the single factor text for vacuum degree, optimal result showed that most suitable vacuum degrees for pakchoi, radish and eggplant were 4kPa, 5kPa and 3kPa, respectively. The optimal metering tray speed and suction nozzle type hole were obtained by the complete combination test. The result showed that when the rotational speed of the metering tray was 17.5~22.5r/min, the metering device qualified rate was high, especially at 20r/min. The suction nozzle type holes suitable for pakchoi, radish and eggplant were conical holes, kidney ellipsoid hole and through hole, respectively. Under the optimal suction nozzle, vacuum and rotational speed conditions, the qualified rates of pakchoi, radish and eggplant were 97.0%, 95.4% and 93.7%, respectively, which could completely meet the requirement of seeding index.

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尹文慶,趙璐,李驊,胡飛,於海明.氣力槽輪組合式蔬菜精密排種器吸嘴型孔設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(4):68-76,136. YIN Wenqing, ZHAO Lu, LI Hua, HU Fei, YU Haiming. Design and Experiment on Suction Nozzle Type Hole of Pneumatic-sheave Combined Vegetable Precision Metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):68-76,136.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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