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全量秸稈粉碎條鋪與種帶分型清秸裝置設計與試驗
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江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項目(CX(17)1002)


Design and Test of Equipment for Straw Crushing with Strip-laying and Seed-belt Classification with Cleaning under Full Straw Mulching
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    摘要:

    為全面實現(xiàn)秸稈禁燒還田資源化利用,針對長江中下游稻麥輪作區(qū)秸稈量大、傳統(tǒng)秸稈粉碎還田機后茬作物播種難、纏秸增阻、功耗高等問題,結(jié)合江蘇地區(qū)稻茬地小麥播種農(nóng)藝要求,利用動刀高速反轉(zhuǎn)撿拾粉碎功能形成秸稈流充斥型腔,設計了一種全量秸稈粉碎條鋪與種帶分型清秸裝置,可一次完成秸稈粉碎、行間覆秸、種帶清秸以及配套后續(xù)種床整理、施肥播種、覆土鎮(zhèn)壓等復式作業(yè)工序。對秸稈撿拾粉碎裝置、分流調(diào)控裝置、傳動系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵部件進行理論分析,確定相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)和位置參數(shù),以旋轉(zhuǎn)刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速n、導流板徑向距離τ、整機行走速度v為性能試驗影響因素,選取碎秸合格率ε1和種帶清秸率ε2為評價指標,設計三因素三水平正交試驗。結(jié)果表明:影響評價指標ε1、ε2顯著性的主次因素分別為n、v、τ和τ、v、n,綜合分析選擇較優(yōu)的因素水平組合為n=2000r/min、τ=20mm、v=1.0m/s,此時ε1=93.42%、ε2=92.71%,能夠發(fā)揮整機最佳工作性能;田間驗證試驗結(jié)果表明:較優(yōu)的因素水平組合下ε1均值為91.25%、ε2均值為90.54%,符合相關(guān)行業(yè)技術(shù)標準和農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Crop straw non-burning and returning has become one of the most important moves for comprehensive realization of straw resource utilization. Aimed at problems of large quantity of straw stalks, difficult sowing of later crops, wrapped straw and high-power consumption by using traditional straw crushing-returning machine for rice and wheat rotation region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, straw crushing and seed-belt classification machine under full straw mulching was developed in combination with the agronomic requirements of wheat seeding in rice-stubble field in Jiangsu Province. One trip to the field, it can complete the multiple operation processes of straw-stubble crushing, row-spacing stacking, seed-belt cleaning, and the follow-up seed bed treating, fertilizer sowing, soil covering and suppressing, etc. Key components such as straw pickup-chopping device, guide-adjusting device and transmission route system were designed and analyzed theoretically to determine the relevant structure and position parameters. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal performance test was carried out with setting rotation spindle speed n(A), guider radial distance τ(B) and machine ground speed v(C) as the influence factors, straw crushed rate ε1 and stubble cleaned rate ε2 as the evaluation indexes. It can be known from the orthogonal test that the importance order of the factors which affecting ε1 was A, C and B, and that affecting ε2 was B, C and A, the comprehensive choice optimum combination of working parameters was A2B2C2, that was n=2000r/min, τ=20mm,v=1.0m/s, and ε1=93.42%,ε2=92.71%, the machine reached the best working performance. Field validation tests under optimum parameter combination showed that the average ε1 and ε2 were 91.25% and 90.54%, respectively, which satisfied the technical standards and agronomy requirements. The research results can provide technical and equipment support for the realization of straw non-burning and fertilization utilization, which had considerable production and application prospects.

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施印炎,羅偉文,胡志超,吳峰,顧峰瑋,陳有慶.全量秸稈粉碎條鋪與種帶分型清秸裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(4):58-67. SHI Yinyan, LUO Weiwen, HU Zhichao, WU Feng, GU Fengwei, CHEN Youqing. Design and Test of Equipment for Straw Crushing with Strip-laying and Seed-belt Classification with Cleaning under Full Straw Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):58-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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