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基于多段分離工藝的馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701603-02)、山東省泰山產業(yè)領軍人才工程高效生態(tài)農業(yè)創(chuàng)新類項目(LJNY201615),、山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(2017CXGC0219)和山東省農機化裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新項目(2016YF034)


Design and Experiment of Potato Combined Harvester Based on Multi-stage Separation Technology
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    摘要:

    針對馬鈴薯分段收獲人工撿拾工作量大,、勞動強度高,、收獲效率低等問題,,在適應種植模式和農藝要求的基礎上,,設計了一種基于多段分離工藝的馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機,,該機可同時完成雙壟雙行馬鈴薯的挖掘,、薯土分離、清土除雜和集薯輸送等任務,。收獲機在拖拉機的牽引作用下進行收獲作業(yè),,其關鍵零部件包括松土限深調控裝置、切土切蔓裝置,、挖掘裝置,、擺抖式薯土分離裝置、過渡分離裝置,、清土除雜裝置和集薯輸送裝置等,。該收獲機采用多段分離工藝,可有效提高薯土分離效率,,顯著降低含雜率,,降低勞動強度,。田間試驗表明:作業(yè)速度分別為3.17km/h和4.16km/h時,,樣機的損失率分別為1.64%和1.59%,,傷薯率分別為1.72%和1.48%,破皮率分別為2.31%和1.92%,,生產率分別為0.41hm2/h和0.54hm2/h,,各項性能指標均達到了作業(yè)標準?;谂鲎矙z測技術獲取了收獲過程中薯塊的動態(tài)碰撞信息,,在對碰撞特征和薯土混合物運動特點進行分析的基礎上,明確了聯(lián)合收獲機易產生較大碰撞加速度的關鍵位置為:分離篩Ⅰ與分離篩Ⅱ交接處及集薯輸送裝置的落料端,,降低分離篩Ⅰ和分離篩Ⅱ之間的高度差,、改善集薯裝置末端的緩沖效果,是降低傷薯率和破皮率的有效措施,。

    Abstract:

    The main technical problem of potato mechanical partition harvest is the large workload for farmers to pick up, high labor intensity and low harvest efficiency. A potato combined harvester based on multistage separation technology was developed on the basis of planting patterns and agronomic requirements. It could implement digging, potatosoil separation, soil cleaning and potato gathering simutaneously under the condition of double ridge and double row. The harvester was worked by the tractor’s traction, the key parts of the harvester included depth control device of loosing soil, device of cutting soil and seedings, device of digging, shaking device of potatosoil separation, device of transition separation, device of removing soil and impurities and collecting device. The harvester adopted multistage separation technology, which could effectively improve the separation efficiency of potatosoil, reduce impurity content and labor intensity significantly. Field tests showed that loss rates were 1.64% and 1.59%, damage rates were 1.72% and 1.48%, and bruising rates were 2.31% and 1.92% and the productivity were 0.41hm2/h and 0.54hm2/h when the harvesting speeds were 3.17km/h and4.16km/h, respectively. All the performance indexes met the requirements of NY/T 648—2015 Technical Specification for Quality Evaluation of Potato Harvester. In addition, the dynamic impact information of potatoes was obtained during harvesting based on the impact detection technology. It was confirmed that the key position of the combined harvester to produce greater impact force was the junction of separation sieve Ⅰ and separation sieve Ⅱ and the end of collecting device. Reducing the height difference between separation sieve Ⅰ and separation sieve Ⅱ and improving the buffering effect at the end of collecting device were effective measures to reduce damage rate and bruising rate. It could provide a technical reference for further exploring the technology of potatosoil separation and the research of potato combined harvester.

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魏忠彩,李洪文,孫傳祝,李學強,蘇國粱,劉文政.基于多段分離工藝的馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(1):129-140. WEI Zhongcai, LI Hongwen, SUN Chuanzhu, LI Xueqiang, SU Guoliang, LIU Wenzheng. Design and Experiment of Potato Combined Harvester Based on Multi-stage Separation Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(1):129-140.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-01-10
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