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寬苗帶勾型窩眼輪式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD020060704)


Design and Test of Wide Seedling Strip Wheat Precision Hook-hole Type Seed-metering Device
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    摘要:

    為解決寬苗帶小麥精密播種排種器排種均勻性差的難題,,結(jié)合小麥精量排種技術(shù)提出一種勾型窩眼輪式寬苗帶小麥精量排種器,使種子行內(nèi)分布均勻,,行間種子不散亂,。對關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和理論分析,通過EDEM離散元軟件完成了種層厚度調(diào)節(jié)板水平距離,、窩眼布置形式,、窩眼個(gè)數(shù),、窩眼傾角、種箱底板傾角對充種性能影響的單因素試驗(yàn),。在此基礎(chǔ)上以勾型窩眼輪轉(zhuǎn)速,、種層厚度調(diào)節(jié)板垂直高度和窩眼長度為試驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行了多元二次回歸旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn)并應(yīng)用Design-Expert 8.0.6軟件對試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,得到回歸模型和因素對指標(biāo)影響關(guān)系,,確定了影響單粒率重要性大小依次為窩眼長度,、種層厚度調(diào)節(jié)板垂直高度和排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速,排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速與窩眼長度間交互作用不可忽視,;影響合格率重要性由大到小依次為種層厚度調(diào)節(jié)板垂直高度,、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速和窩眼長度?;诨貧w模型進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,結(jié)果表明:排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為23.05r/min,、窩眼長度為7.00mm,、種層厚度調(diào)節(jié)板垂直高度為25.00mm時(shí),合格率為98.59%,。對該優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合下的排種器進(jìn)行充種性能和排種性能臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明:充種合格率為98.01%,試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證結(jié)果與仿真優(yōu)化結(jié)果相吻合,,驗(yàn)證了仿真優(yōu)化結(jié)果的可靠性,,此時(shí)排種器4行間充種合格率變異系數(shù)僅為1.20%,寬苗帶各行間變異系數(shù)較??;排種合格率為90.03%,行間排種合格率變異系數(shù)為1.50%,,行內(nèi)均勻性變異系數(shù)達(dá)到16.54%,,排種性能明顯優(yōu)于常用外槽輪排種器。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem of poor uniformity of wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip, combined with wheat precision seeding technology, a kind of hookhole type wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip was proposed to ensure uniform distribution of seeds in rows, and the seeds in rows were not scattered. The design and theoretical analysis of key parameters were carried out. Single factor test on the effects of the horizontal distance of the seedlayer thickness adjusting plate, the arrangement of the hole, the number of hole, the inclination angle of the hole and the inclination angle of the bottom plate in seed box on seedfilling performance were studied by EDEM discrete element software, and then the parameters were determined. On this basis, the multiple quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out with the rotation speed of the typehole wheel, the vertical height of the seedlayer thickness adjusting plate and the length of the hole, and then the test data was analyzed by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software. The regression model and the influence of factors on the index were obtained. The influence relation of factors on the single rate was determined and the order of importance was the length of hole, the vertical height of the seedlayer thickness adjusting plate and the rotation speed of the celltype wheel in turn. Interaction between the length of cell and the rotation speed of the celltype wheel can not be ignored. The order of importance to the qualified rate was the vertical height of the seedlayer thickness adjusting plate, the rotation speed of the celltype wheel and the length of hole in turn. Based on the regression model, the parameters were optimized. The optimization results of the target parameters showed that when the rotation speed of the celltype wheel was 23.05r/min, the length of the hole was 7.00mm, and the vertical height of the thickness adjusting plate was 25.00mm, and then the qualified rate was 98.59%. The seed metering device under the optimized parameter combination was tested for seedfilling performance and seedmetering performance. The results showed that the qualified seedfilling rate was 98.01%, and the relative error between the test verification result and the simulation optimization result agreed well. The reliability of the simulation optimization result was verified. The variation coefficient of the seedfilling qualified rate among the four rows of seeders was only 1.20%, and the variation coefficient among the rows of the wide strip was small; the qualified seedmetering rate was 90.03%, coefficient of variation of the seedfilling qualified rate between rows was 1.50%, coefficient of variation of uniformity in a row was 16.54%. The performance of seed metering was much better than that of existing common grooved seedmetering device. The wheat precision seed metering device of hooktypehole solved the problem of nonuniform distribution of random scattered distribution in outer groove wheel seed metering device used in wide seedling strip. The research results provided a reference for the design of the wheat precision seeder used in wide seedling strip.

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劉彩玲,魏丹,都鑫,姜萌,宋建農(nóng),張福印.寬苗帶勾型窩眼輪式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(1):75-84. LIU Cailing, WEI Dan, DU Xin, JIANG Meng, SONG Jiannong, ZHANG Fuyin. Design and Test of Wide Seedling Strip Wheat Precision Hook-hole Type Seed-metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(1):75-84.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-01-10
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