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大型拖拉機駕駛室PM10和PM2.5凈化效果仿真分析
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700101)


Simulation of Cleaning Effect of PM10 and PM2.5 in High-power Tractor Cab
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    摘要:

    針對大型拖拉機在耕地時封閉駕駛室內可吸入顆粒物PM10質量濃度(25770μg/m3)超標的問題,,選取不同的空氣凈化方式(內循環(huán),、外循環(huán)空調凈化器和外置凈化器),,對PM濃度微分方程進行了數(shù)值仿真分析,,仿真結果表明安裝空氣凈化裝置能明顯降低駕駛室內可吸入顆粒物的濃度,。首先應用質量守恒定律推導了PM濃度變化模型和空調凈化模型,,隨后采用美國IAQx11-PM軟件進行了不同凈化方式和不同凈化率的仿真分析,。仿真結果表明,,內循環(huán)和外循環(huán)方式的綜合相對凈化率分別為92.78%和96.13%,,明顯降低了駕駛室內PM10和PM2.5濃度,,滿足國際人體健康標準的要求;而且外循環(huán)凈化方式的PM10和PM2.5質量濃度能維持在800μg/m3以下,,凈化效果最優(yōu),。外置凈化器平均凈化率為48%~66%,雖然凈化效果比較明顯,,但不能滿足國際人體健康標準的要求,。各凈化方式的PM10和PM.2.5濃度變化曲線表明封閉駕駛室內的PM10和PM2.5濃度最后可以達到一個穩(wěn)定值,并且內循環(huán)和外循環(huán)的曲線(約為1h)先于外置凈化器曲線達到穩(wěn)定值,。1h時采用外循環(huán),、內循環(huán)、外置凈化器和無凈化〖JP3〗器時的人體累計PM10吸入量分別為382,、832,、1820、2040μg,;人體累計PM2.5吸入量分別為321,、585、1290、1440μg,?!糐P〗人體累計PM10和PM2.5吸入量曲線均呈直線式增長,并且未安裝空氣凈化裝置的人體PM累計吸入量曲線的增長率明顯快于配有空氣凈化裝置的駕駛室(內外循環(huán)下的增長率最低),。駕駛室空調系統(tǒng)應采用將溫度調節(jié)裝置和空氣凈化器一體化的HVAC空調設計法,。

    Abstract:

    With the dramatically growing use of agricultural highpower tractors, comfort of cab is an important problem in China. Because of the indirect impact with low comfort of cab, the productivity is restricted. Health of tractor drivers was also undermined by low comfort of the cab. 〖JP3〗Highpower tractors play an important role in tilling machine. The PM concentration in ambient air is very high (512mg/m3). 〖JP〗Foreign mainstream tractor comfortable cabs are enclosure cabs to protect PM into cabs. In the field research, enclosure cab can protest PM10 and PM25 very well except tilling work. The PM10 and PM25 concentration cannot reach the human healthy standard when tractor is tilling. The foreign research of PM cleaning system in tractor cab is at an initial stage and the research in Chins is empty. So, the PM research is meaningful. The concentration of PM10 and PM25 simulation was done based on collection data in other researches. Firstly, the concentration variety model and cleaning model were deduced according to the mass conservation theory. Then, the simulation was done under different cleaning methods (return, supply and freestanding filter) and cleaning efficiency (50%, 75% and 90%) by IAQx11-PM. The results showed that the relative cleaning efficiency of return and supply were 92.78% and 96.13%, respectively. These two methods could reach the international human healthy standard. The PM10 and PM25 concentrations in supply method could be lower than 800μg/m3. Although the relative cleaning efficiency of freestanding filter was between 48% and 66%, the international human healthy standard still could not be reached. The curve of PM10 and PM25 concentrations showed that supply method was the fastest to get stable statues (1h). Finally, the human inhalation exposure was calculated. It was indicated that HVAC design method should be used in comfort cab. This method could save the volume of air conditioner volume and control the temperature and PM concentration.

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楊 曉,毛恩榮,ZHANG Jianshun,宋正河,金曉萍,杜岳峰.大型拖拉機駕駛室PM10和PM2.5凈化效果仿真分析[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(11):365-371. YANG Xiao, MAO Enrong, ZHANG Jianshun, SONG Zhenghe, JIN Xiaoping, DU Yuefeng. Simulation of Cleaning Effect of PM10 and PM2.5 in High-power Tractor Cab[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):365-371.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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