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生物炭配施沼液對(duì)淋溶狀態(tài)下土壤養(yǎng)分的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51406032)、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(E201406)、中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展專項(xiàng)(ZY17C05)、黑龍江省博士后基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-13044Z)和教育部留學(xué)回國(guó)人員科研啟動(dòng)基金項(xiàng)目(20131792)


Effects of Biochar Combined with Biogas Slurry on Soil Nutrients in Leaching State
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    摘要:

    為探討生物炭配施沼液對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分淋失的影響,,通過(guò)室內(nèi)土柱試驗(yàn),采用三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)方法,,系統(tǒng)研究了生物炭添加量,、淋溶強(qiáng)度,、沼液施加量對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分淋失及土壤養(yǎng)分垂直分布的影響規(guī)律,。結(jié)果表明,,土壤養(yǎng)分淋失主要集中在前8次,后期淋失量均維持在較低水平并趨于穩(wěn)定,。各因素對(duì)氨態(tài)氮,、速效磷、速效鉀淋失的影響由大到小依次為淋溶強(qiáng)度,、生物炭添加量,、沼液施加量,而對(duì)硝態(tài)氮淋失量的影響由大到小依次為生物炭添加量,、沼液施加量,、淋溶強(qiáng)度。添加生物炭能明顯減少養(yǎng)分淋失,,且添加生物炭的0~20cm深度土壤的養(yǎng)分明顯高于未添加生物炭的20~40cm土壤,,各因素對(duì)氨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮,、速效鉀在土壤中的含量影響差異顯著,而對(duì)速效磷的影響則無(wú)顯著差異,。

    Abstract:

    The leaching loss of soil nutrients along with water is serious in the process of agricultural planting, it not only wastes fertilizer resources, but also causes eutrophication of surface water and further threatens groundwater quality, and the phenomenon is more serious during the application of liquid bioorganic fertilizer biogas slurry. Biochar has strong adsorption due to its special physical and chemical properties, adding biochar to soil to reduce the loss of nutrient has become a research focus. However, its leaching process and law still need to be further studied. To investigate the effects of soil nutrient leaching after biogas slurry was applied under different conditions, the orthogonal design of threefactor and threelevel L9 (33) was adopted through indoor soil column simulation test. The effects of biochar addition amount(2%, 5% and 10%), leaching intensity(46mL, 137mL and 250mL) and biogas slurry addition amount(100mL, 200mL and 300mL)on soil nutrient leaching and vertical distribution of soil nutrients after leaching were systematically studied. The results showed that soil nutrient leaching was mainly concentrated in the early stage of leaching (leaching was mainly concentrated in the first five times of leaching), the leaching loss amount remained at a low level and gradually became stable at later stage. The effects of various factors on the leaching loss of ammonia nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were successively the leaching strength, amount of biochar added and amount of biogas slurry applied, however, the effects on the loss amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching were successively the amount of biochar, amount of biogas slurry and leaching intensity. Compared with the control group, the nutrient leaching loss of biochar treatment was significantly reduced. The content of various nutrients of the soil with depth of 0~20cm added with biochar was significantly higher than that of the soil with depth of 20~40cm without biochar. The effects of various factors on the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available potassium in soil were significantly different in longitudinal depth, but there was no significant difference on the content of rapidly available phosphorus. The experiment laid a theoretical foundation for the research on leaching effect of biochar addition and biogas slurry application on soil nutrients, the research and application of biochar as a soil improvement additive as well as the scientific and reasonable application of biogas slurry in the field production can be accelerated.

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王忠江,張 正,劉 卓,王麗麗,司愛(ài)龍,曹 振.生物炭配施沼液對(duì)淋溶狀態(tài)下土壤養(yǎng)分的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(11):260-267. WANG Zhongjiang, ZHANG Zheng, LIU Zhuo, WANG Lili, SI Ailong, CAO Zhen. Effects of Biochar Combined with Biogas Slurry on Soil Nutrients in Leaching State[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):260-267.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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