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行星輪栽植機構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51475216)、 江蘇省重點研發(fā)項目(BE2017303)和江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學科建設工程項目(蘇財教(2014)37號)


Optimization Design and Experiment on Planetary Gears Planting Mechanism of Self-propelled Transplanting Machine
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    摘要:

    針對不同作物移栽時的不同株距問題,,以自制行星輪轉(zhuǎn)臂式栽植機構(gòu)為研究對象,,闡述了栽植機構(gòu)組成及工作原理,構(gòu)建了行星輪轉(zhuǎn)臂平動機構(gòu)及鴨嘴開合機構(gòu)的運動學模型,在此基礎上分析建立了栽植器前,、后鴨嘴栽植點的運動軌跡數(shù)學模型,。利用Matlab對該數(shù)學模型進行編程,建立其分析程序模型,,并基于Matlab GUI 平臺開發(fā)計算機輔助優(yōu)化設計人機交互界面,,借助該界面對栽植點軌跡數(shù)學模型進行求解,從而模擬得到鴨嘴式栽植器前,、后栽植點的運動軌跡曲線,。分析栽植機構(gòu)的行星架旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑,開合機構(gòu)的后鴨嘴擺桿長度,、后鴨嘴擺桿初始位置與水平線夾角及后鴨嘴末端點至鴨嘴轉(zhuǎn)軸中心的距離等主要參數(shù)對栽植點運動軌跡的影響,,以特征系數(shù)λ大于1,栽植點軌跡環(huán)扣高度大于苗缽體高度,,前后鴨嘴不帶苗,、不掛苗,前后鴨嘴軌跡與壟面交點處形成的穴口尺寸較小等條件為優(yōu)化目標,,通過人機交互優(yōu)化得到一組能同時滿足3種栽植株距要求的機構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,,并模擬驗證該機構(gòu)參數(shù)組合在3種栽植株距下的栽植軌跡。選用72孔穴盤培育的黃瓜苗為試驗對象,,以株距變異系數(shù)和直立度為評價指標,,對優(yōu)化得到的機構(gòu)參數(shù)進行栽植性能試驗。結(jié)果表明:在3種株距下的栽植直立度優(yōu)良率高于81%,,總優(yōu)良合格率達94.8%以上,,株距變異系數(shù)小于3.2%,證明優(yōu)化設計的行星輪轉(zhuǎn)臂式栽植機構(gòu)能夠滿足多種株距移栽要求,。

    Abstract:

    As one of the core working parts of automatic transplanter, the planting mechanism directly determines the effect of transplanting seedlings. The problem of different plant spacings of different crops was focused on. With the selfmade planting mechanism with planetary gears as the research object, the composition and working principle of the planting mechanism were clarified. On this basis, a theoretical model of the planting mechanism was constructed, and the mathematical model of the trajectory about the planting points on front and back duckbills were analyzed and established. The mathematical model was programmed by using Matlab to establish its analysis program. Computeraided optimization of humancomputer interaction interface was developed based on the Matlab GUI platform. With the aid of the optimized design interface, the mathematical model of the trajectory on planting points was solved to simulate the trajectory curve of the planting points on front and back duckbills. The effects of changes in the main parameters of the planting mechanism such as the rotation radius of planet frame, the length of the duckbill, the angle between the initial position of the duckbill and the horizontal line, and the distance from the end point of duckbill to the center of the rotation on the trajectory of the planting site were analyzed. With the value of characteristic parameter λ being greater than 1, the height of the buckle on the planting section being greater than the height of the pot seedling, the front and back duckbills without dragging and hanging seedlings, the size of the hole formed by duckbills on the ridge surface being relatively small and other conditions as optimization goals, through simulation analysis on the influence of main parameters of planting mechanism on trajectory of planting points, institutional parameters that can meet the planting requirements of 280mm, 310mm and 345mm at the same time were obtained and the planting trajectory of parameter combination was verified under three planting distances by simulation. The cucumber seedlings cultivated by 72hole plug trays were selected as the test objects. With the variation coefficient and planting verticality as the evaluation index, prototype performance tests were conducted on the optimized mechanical parameters. The results showed that the excellent rate of planting verticality on three plant distances was higher than 81%, the total passing rate was over 94.8%, and the variation coefficient of spacing distances was less than 3.2%. This proved that the optimized design of the planting mechanism with planetary gears had good transplanting performance, which can meet the requirements for transplanting of multiple planting distances, and verified the correctness and feasibility of theoretical models and optimization methods. The research results provided an effective method for transplanter design.

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胡建平,潘 杰,張晨迪,張思偉,費衛(wèi)征,潘浩然.行星輪栽植機構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(11):78-86. HU Jianping, PAN Jie, ZHANG Chendi, ZHANG Siwei, FEI Weizheng, PAN Haoran. Optimization Design and Experiment on Planetary Gears Planting Mechanism of Self-propelled Transplanting Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):78-86.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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