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基于卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò)和哈希碼的玉米田間雜草快速識(shí)別方法
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山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015GNC112004),、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700500)、山東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(ZR2018MC017)和山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)智能化農(nóng)業(yè)裝備研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(24132)


Fast Identification of Field Weeds Based on Deep Convolutional Network and Binary Hash Code
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    摘要:

    為提高作物與雜草識(shí)別的準(zhǔn)確性,結(jié)合深度卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)大的特征提取能力和哈希碼便于存儲(chǔ)和快速檢索的特點(diǎn),,提出了基于深度卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò)和二進(jìn)制哈希碼的田間雜草快速識(shí)別方法,。結(jié)合預(yù)訓(xùn)練的多層卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò),,增加二進(jìn)制哈希層構(gòu)建雜草識(shí)別模型,,并利用所采集的雜草數(shù)據(jù)集對(duì)模型進(jìn)行fine-tuning,。所提出的二進(jìn)制哈希層可有效地將高維雜草特征進(jìn)行壓縮,,以便于實(shí)際田間雜草特征的存儲(chǔ)和后續(xù)計(jì)算,。在進(jìn)行雜草識(shí)別時(shí),利用訓(xùn)練好的模型提取輸入圖像的全連接層特征碼和哈希特征碼,,與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的全連接層特征碼和哈希特征碼進(jìn)行對(duì)比,,分別計(jì)算其漢明距離與歐氏距離,找出與其最相似的K幅圖像,,統(tǒng)計(jì)這K幅圖像的標(biāo)簽,,將其歸入頻率最高的一類,,以達(dá)到分類識(shí)別的目的。通過對(duì)比不同卷積層數(shù)和不同二進(jìn)制哈希碼長(zhǎng)度對(duì)雜草識(shí)別的影響,,最終確定了包含4層卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò)和128位哈希碼長(zhǎng)度的雜草識(shí)別模型,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本研究方法田間雜草識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確率可達(dá)98.6%,,并且損失函數(shù)穩(wěn)定性相較于普通模型有所提高,;同時(shí),在其他雜草數(shù)據(jù)集上也有良好的表現(xiàn),,準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到95.8%,,說明該方法具有通用性。實(shí)地測(cè)試表明,,利用本文提出的模型進(jìn)行雜草識(shí)別,,對(duì)靶噴霧雜草施藥率可達(dá)92.7%,能夠有效減少農(nóng)藥浪費(fèi),,適用于精準(zhǔn)噴霧,。

    Abstract:

    Corn is one of the main grain crops in China and its production accounts for more than 20% of the World’s corn production. Weed is one of the most important factors influencing maize yield. Effective recognition method of cron and weed can improve corn quality and production accounts. At present, pesticide spraying is the main way of removing weed in China. Excessive spraying of pesticides brings problems such as environmental pollution and food safety, and therefore precise spraying is the key of weeding to reduce the amount of pesticides and increase the utilization of pesticides. Precise application of pesticides is based on accurate identification of weeds, researchers at home and abroad have done a lot of research. Most existing weed identification methods rely on manually selected weed features, such as shape, texture, etc., which takes longer time to identify the image, and the accuracy of identification still needs further improvement. The deep learning method was used to achieve automatic extraction of weed image features without relying on artificial feature screening, and combined the binary Hash code to compress high-dimensional weed feature data to achieve rapid weed identification and provide information support for subsequent field drug spraying. In order to improve accuracy of crop and weed identification, combining with the strong feature extraction capabilities of the deep convolutional network and the ease of storage and fast retrieval of the Hash code, a fast field weed identification method was proposed based on the deep convolutional network and binary Hash code. A pretrained multilayer convolutional neural network was used to construct a weed identification model with a binary Hash layer, and the model was fine-tuned with the collected weed data set. The binary Hash layer proposed could effectively compress the highdimensional weed image features to facilitate the storage and subsequent calculation of the highdimensional weed image features. During tests of weed identification, the trained model was used to extract the fullconnection layer feature codes and binary Hash codes of the input image, and then compared with the fullconnection layer feature codes and binary Hash codes stored in the database to calculate the Hamming distance and the Euclidean distance. After that, the most similar K images could be found out according to last step’s results. Finally, the labels’ frequency of the K images was counted and the original image was classified into the highest frequency category of label to achieve the purpose of weed identification. The effects of different layers of convolutional networks and different length binary Hash code on weed identification were compared, and finally the weed identification model was determined, which included four layers convolutional neural network and 128bit binary Hash code. The experimental results showed that the method proposed could achieve 98.6% accuracy in field weed identification, and the loss function stability was improved compared with the ordinary model. At the same time, it also performed well on other weeds datasets with an accuracy of 95.8%, which meant that the proposed method was universal. The research results could provide reference for precision weeding. The experiment carried out in corn field showed that the method could achieve 92.7% accuracy, and it could effectively reduce pesticide waste which was suitable for precision spray.

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姜紅花,王鵬飛,張 昭,毛文華,趙 博,齊 鵬.基于卷積網(wǎng)絡(luò)和哈希碼的玉米田間雜草快速識(shí)別方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(11):30-38. JIANG Honghua, WANG Pengfei, ZHANG Zhao, MAO Wenhua, ZHAO Bo, QI Peng. Fast Identification of Field Weeds Based on Deep Convolutional Network and Binary Hash Code[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):30-38.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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