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免耕播種機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)仿生破茬裝置設(shè)計(jì)與參數(shù)試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700701)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51705194)和吉林省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20160307011NY)


Design of Dynamic Bionic Stubble Cutting Device and Optimization Test of Parameters
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)中國(guó)東北地區(qū)玉米秸稈粗壯量大,、不易腐爛,,造成免耕播種機(jī)破茬防堵裝置秸稈根茬切斷率低和作業(yè)所需切割扭矩大的技術(shù)難題,,以蝗蟲口器多段階梯鋸齒狀結(jié)構(gòu)和雙上顎異向等速咬合運(yùn)動(dòng)方式為仿生原型,,設(shè)計(jì)一種可在東北地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)高效破茬防堵作業(yè)的動(dòng)態(tài)仿生破茬裝置,。通過(guò)仿生構(gòu)建,、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),、理論分析和參數(shù)優(yōu)化等方法設(shè)計(jì)了行星齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu)和仿生破茬刀;運(yùn)用Arduino系統(tǒng)和智能控制方法設(shè)計(jì)了智能驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),,實(shí)現(xiàn)了運(yùn)動(dòng)方式-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合仿生,;通過(guò)參數(shù)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)和回歸分析等方法,研究了結(jié)構(gòu)和作業(yè)參數(shù)對(duì)秸稈切斷率和切割扭矩的影響規(guī)律,,并得出最佳參數(shù)組合:作業(yè)速度為10km/h,,回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為250mm,正轉(zhuǎn)破茬刀仿蝗蟲口器刀片數(shù)量為9,,反轉(zhuǎn)破茬刀仿蝗蟲口器刀片數(shù)量為18,;最終通過(guò)對(duì)比試驗(yàn)得出動(dòng)態(tài)仿生破茬裝置相較于被動(dòng)缺口圓盤破茬刀可提高秸稈根茬切斷率22.6%~27.4%;相較于驅(qū)動(dòng)缺口圓盤破茬刀可提高秸稈根茬切斷率8.6%~13.5%,,降低扭矩輸出19.5%~21.8%;作業(yè)后使用共聚焦激光掃描儀進(jìn)行耐摩擦磨損對(duì)比試驗(yàn),其平均表面粗糙度和最大磨痕深度相較于驅(qū)動(dòng)缺口圓盤破茬刀分別下降14.5%和15.9%,。

    Abstract:

    Corn stalks are stout and non-perishable in Northeast China, which results in the low cutting-out rate and high working resistance torque of the no-tillage planter. To improve the cutting efficiency of corn stalks and stubbles, a dynamic bionic stubble cutting device was designed, which was based on both the multistep serrated mouthpart structure and the moving mode of different-direction isokinetic occlusion. The planetary gear mechanism and bionic cutting disc were designed through bionic-construction, mechanism design, theoretical analysis and parameter optimization;the intelligent driving system was designed by using Arduino system and intelligent control method, and thus the coupling bionic of motion mode and structure was realized. Moreover, the effect of structure and operating parameters, including the number of blades, radius of gyration and forward speed,on the cutting efficiency and working torque was studied via optimization test and regression analysis. The simulation tests results showed that the dynamic bionic stubble cutting device achieved the optimal working efficiency when the machine speed was 10km/h, the radius of gyration was 250mm, the number of bionic locust mouthpart blade in positive rotation cutting disc was 9, and the number of bionic locust mouthpart blade in reverse rotation cutting disc was 18. The comparative tests showed that for the dynamic bionic stubble cutting device, the cutting rate of corn stalks and stubbles were decreased with the increase of machine speed. The cutting-out rate was the highest with a value of 97.1% when the machine speed was 6km/h, while it was the lowest with a value of 92.9% when the machine speed was 10km/h. Compared with the passive notch disc and the driving notch disc, the cutting-out rate of the dynamic bionic stubble cutting device was increased by 22.6%~27.4% and 8.6%~13.5%, respectively. Besides, the cutting torque of dynamic bionic stubble cutting device was decreased with the increase of the machine speed. When the machine speed was 6km/h, the cutting torque was the largest with value of 60.5N·m. Whereas the cutting torque reached the minimum at the machine speed of 10km/h with value of 54.1N·m. The cutting torque of dynamic bionic stubble cutting device was reduced by 19.5%~21.8% compared with the driving notch disc. After the operation, the average surface roughness and the maximum wear scar depth were decreased by 14.5% and 15.9%, respectively, compared with that of the driving notch disc.

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賈洪雷,郭明卓,郭春江,鄭健,張成亮,趙佳樂(lè).免耕播種機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)仿生破茬裝置設(shè)計(jì)與參數(shù)試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(10):103-114. JIA Honglei, GUO Mingzhuo, GUO Chunjiang, ZHENG Jian, ZHANG Chengliang, ZHAO Jiale. Design of Dynamic Bionic Stubble Cutting Device and Optimization Test of Parameters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):103-114.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-04-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-10-10
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