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基于穩(wěn)定碳同位素的寒地黑土區(qū)玉米水分利用效率研究
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2014BAD12B01)


Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Black Soil of Cold Regions Based on Stable Carbon Isotopes
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    摘要:

    為了進一步探究不同灌溉制度對寒地黑土區(qū)玉米水分利用效率(WUE)的影響,以玉米大田試驗數(shù)據(jù)為基礎,研究了玉米耗水規(guī)律以及葉片和產(chǎn)量水平的水分利用效率的變化規(guī)律,尋找符合東北地區(qū)玉米節(jié)水高產(chǎn)要求的灌水方案,。同時研究了玉米葉片和籽粒碳同位素分辨率(Δ13C)與不同水平水分利用效率的關系,,驗證了玉米穩(wěn)定碳同位素分辨率對作物不同水平水分利用效率的指示作用,。研究結果表明,,全生育期灌溉定額為800m3/hm2,,灌水4次時玉米產(chǎn)量最高為14920.62kg/hm2,,但此時產(chǎn)量水平水分利用效率(WUEy)較低,;全生育期灌溉定額為600m3/hm2,灌水4次時玉米WUEy最大為3.74kg/m3,,但產(chǎn)量偏低,,綜合考慮產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,得出符合該地區(qū)玉米節(jié)水高產(chǎn)要求的灌水方案為全生育期灌水800m3/hm2,,灌水3次(苗期,、拔節(jié)期、抽雄期),,此時玉米WUEy為3.65kg/m3,,產(chǎn)量較最大值未發(fā)生明顯下降。拔節(jié)期玉米葉片碳同位素分辨率(ΔLB),、成熟期葉片碳同位素分辨率(ΔLC)和籽粒碳同位素分辨率(ΔF)變化范圍分別為0.451%~0.542%,、0.505%~0.598%、0.496%~0.526%,。葉片碳同位素分辨率(ΔL),、ΔF與瞬時水分利用效率(WUEi)、內在水分利用效率(WUEn),、WUEy均呈負相關,,ΔL與WUEn的相關性優(yōu)于其與WUEi的相關性,ΔF對WUEy指示作用優(yōu)于ΔL對WUEy的指示作用,,玉米ΔL,、ΔF可分別作為指示W(wǎng)UEn和WUEy的重要指標。研究結果可為東北地區(qū)玉米生產(chǎn)提供理論支持及數(shù)據(jù)參考,。

    Abstract:

    In order to further investigate the influence of different irrigation systems on water use efficiency of maize in black soil of the cold regions, based on the experimental data of maize fields, the patterns of water consumption and water use efficiency were analyzed at different scales, in order to find a irrigation scheme that meets the requirement of water saving and high yield of maize in Northeast China;the relationship between stable carbon isotope resolution (Δ13C) and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize leaves and grains was analyzed, the indicated effect of stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize on water use efficiency of different levels of crops was validated. The results showed that the irrigation quota was 800m3/hm2 during the whole growth period, and the corn yield was up to 14920.62kg/hm2at four times, but the yield level of water use efficiency (WUEy) was low;the whole growth period irrigation quota was 600m3/hm2, four times irrigation maize WUEywas up to 3.74kg/m3, but yield was low. Considering yield and water use efficiency, the conclusion was drawn that the irrigation scheme that met the requirement of high water saving and yield of maize in this area was irrigation quota of 800m3/hm2 and irrigation three times (at seedling stage, jointing stage and tasselling stage) in the whole growth period. At this situation, the WUEy of maize was 3.65kg/m3, and there was no significant decline in output. The stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize leaves at elongation stage (ΔLB), leaf carbon isotope discrimination at fruit maturation stage (ΔLC) and fruit carbon isotope discrimination (ΔF) were between 0.451% and 0.542%, 0.505% and 0.598%, 0.496% and 0.526%, respectively, ΔL and ΔF were negatively correlated with WUEi, WUEn and WUEy, respectively. Furthermore, ΔL showed a better indicating capacity on WUEn than on WUEi under different water treatments, the effect of ΔF on WUEy was better than the effect of ΔLon WUEy. Thus ΔL and ΔF could be used as important evaluation indexes of WUEn and WUEy in crop leaves respectively, the results can provide theoretical support and data reference for maize production in Northeast China.

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張忠學,陳帥宏,陳鵬,鄭恩楠,劉明.基于穩(wěn)定碳同位素的寒地黑土區(qū)玉米水分利用效率研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(8):265-274. ZHANG Zhongxue, CHEN Shuaihong, CHEN Peng, ZHENG Ennan, LIU Ming. Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Black Soil of Cold Regions Based on Stable Carbon Isotopes[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(8):265-274.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-08-10
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