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In order to explore a watersaving planting model with high efficient of rice in the northeast black soil area, the test pit micro area experiment was set up in Qing’an County, Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The effects of photosynthetic characteristics, biomass yield, dry matter accumulation rate, root shoot ratio, intensity of injury flow, yield water use efficiency (WUEy), leaf water use efficiency (WUEl) and yield factors on dry direct seeding rice were analyzed. Three treatments were set: drip irrigation dry direct seeding (DH), flood irrigation in dry land (MH) and conventional basin irrigation (CK). Results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn, except late tillering), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), the accumulation of dry matter in different organs, the cumulative rate of dry matter in the crown (except for mid to late tillering) and crown maximum cumulative rate were less than those of CK during the whole growth period, but WUEl, root dry matter accumulation (except the early and mid tillering), the root of the accumulation rate of dry matter and root activity (except mid tillering and jointing booting stage) were higher than those of CK. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the three treatments had little change during the whole growth period. The maximum cumulative rate of root, maximum cumulative rate of total dry matter, the root and crown ratio of each growth period were the largest in DH, and the lowest in CK. The decreasing of 1000 grain weight and seed setting rate of DH and MH treatments were not significant compared with CK （P>0.05). The spike length and grain number per spike were decreased significantly （P<0.05), the number of effective spikes was increased significantly （P<0.05). Compared with CK and MH, DH reduced irrigation water consumption by 6388% and 39.52%, and WUEy was increased by 2.66 and 1.64 times, respectively. Drip irrigation and dry direct seeding not only significantly reduced irrigation water consumption, but also significantly increased the WUEy of rice, and it had considerable economic benefits and significant social benefits. The study results can provide technical support for the planting mode of rice in the black soil region of northeast, which had a great significance for the sustainable utilization of agricultural soil and water resources in the black soil region.