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越冬期麥田根區(qū)水熱耦合模型參數(shù)原位估算與檢驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31501231)和北京市優(yōu)秀人才培養(yǎng)(青年骨干個(gè)人)項(xiàng)目(2015000020124G124)


Validation and in-situ Parameter Estimation for Model of Water Transport and Energy Exchange in Root Zone of Winter Wheat in Winter
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    摘要:

    越冬期根區(qū)充足的蓄水量有利于春季冬小麥的生長并有助于增產(chǎn),而冬季作物根區(qū)水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律通常借助土壤凍融過程水熱耦合模型來描述,,但該模型的預(yù)測(cè)精度受參數(shù)確定方法與邊界條件等多種因素的影響,。為了提高模型預(yù)測(cè)精度,,提出了一種改進(jìn)型的土壤凍融過程水熱耦合模型參數(shù)估算方法,,即運(yùn)用土壤凍融特征曲線(凍土未凍水含量和土壤溫度的關(guān)系)來原位估算土壤水熱耦合模型參數(shù),,并檢驗(yàn)該方法的適用性,。在此基礎(chǔ)上,,評(píng)價(jià)地表蒸發(fā)量對(duì)模型預(yù)測(cè)精度的影響。大田試驗(yàn)在北京市昌平區(qū)小湯山精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)示范基地開展,,歷經(jīng)兩個(gè)越冬期(2011—2012年和2012—2013年),,利用管式介電傳感器、溫度傳感器和蒸滲儀分別采集了土壤剖面未凍水含量,、土壤溫度和地表蒸發(fā)量數(shù)據(jù),。利用第1個(gè)越冬期(2011—2012年)的數(shù)據(jù)擬合土壤凍融特征曲線,對(duì)土壤水熱參數(shù)進(jìn)行最優(yōu)估算,,利用第2個(gè)越冬期(2012—2013年)的數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)估算參數(shù)和地表蒸發(fā)量對(duì)模型預(yù)測(cè)精度的影響,。結(jié)果表明:利用估算參數(shù)的模型預(yù)測(cè)值整體上與實(shí)測(cè)值相符??紤]到地表蒸發(fā)量對(duì)模型水熱上邊界的影響,第2個(gè)越冬期10cm處未凍水含量與溫度預(yù)測(cè)值和實(shí)測(cè)值的RMSE分別為0.046m3/m3和1.883℃,,20cm深度RMSE分別為0.071m3/m3和2.347℃,。相比之下,在未考慮地表蒸發(fā)量影響下,,第2個(gè)越冬期10cm處未凍水含量與溫度的模擬值和實(shí)測(cè)值的RMSE為0.059m3/m3和2.149℃,,20cm深度RMSE為0.081m3/m3和2.666℃。提出的改進(jìn)型模型參數(shù)估算方法能夠保證模型的預(yù)測(cè)精度,,且考慮地表蒸發(fā)量的影響能夠進(jìn)一步提高模型的預(yù)測(cè)精度,,隨著深度的增加,蒸發(fā)量對(duì)水分與溫度的影響逐漸減小,。

    Abstract:

    Sufficient water storage in root zone during winter time not only benefits crop growth in next spring, but also potentially increases the yield. Water movement in root zone was often simulated by using the coupled water and heat transport (CWHT) model during soil freezing-thawing process and influenced by multiple factors such as boundary conditions, parameters determination method, and so on. An improved method based on in-situ measured data was proposed to optimally estimate the parameters in the CWHT model. The applicability of this method was validated as well. The hydraulic parameters in the model were estimated insitu by fitting soil freezing-thawing characteristic curve (SFC), which showed the relationship between the unfrozen soil water content (USWC) and soil temperature (ST). Then, the effect of surface evaporation (Es) on prediction accuracy in winter was evaluated. The field experiment was conducted over two winters (2011—2012 and 2012—2013) in an experimental farm at Changping County, Beijing, China. The USWC, ST and Es were monitored with dielectric tube sensors, temperature sensors and lysimeter, respectively. The data obtained in 2011—2012 were used to fit SFC to optimize the hydraulic parameters, whereas those in 2012—2013 were used to verify the model. The results showed that the model simulations were agreed well with the field measurements. When considering the effects of Es on USWC and ST, the root mean square errors (RMSE) of USWC and ST predictions in 2012—2013 were 0.046m3/m3 and 1.883℃ at 10cm and 0.071m3/m3 and 2.347℃ at 20cm, respectively. In contrast to the condition without Es, the RMSE for USWC and ST predictions in 2012—2013 were 0.059m3/m3 and 2.149℃ at 10cm and 0.081m3/m3 and 2.666℃ at 20cm, respectively. Thus, the improved method of parameters determination based on insitu measured data can ensure the prediction accuracy of the CWHT model. In addition, the accuracy could be further improved with considering the effects of surface evaporation and the effect of surface evaporation on USWC and ST was gradually decreased as the depth increased.

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程強(qiáng),徐嬙,陳超,薛緒掌,王忠義,孫宇瑞.越冬期麥田根區(qū)水熱耦合模型參數(shù)原位估算與檢驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(8):219-227. CHENG Qiang, XU Qiang, CHEN Chao, XUE Xuzhang, WANG Zhongyi, SUN Yurui. Validation and in-situ Parameter Estimation for Model of Water Transport and Energy Exchange in Root Zone of Winter Wheat in Winter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(8):219-227.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-08-10
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