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氣候變化條件下旱作玉米用水效率與單產(chǎn)變化趨勢分析
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205、2016YFC0400201)、陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計劃項(xiàng)目(2016TZC-N-14-1)、高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計劃項(xiàng)目(B12007)和楊凌示范區(qū)科技計劃項(xiàng)目(2015NY-16)


Trend Analysis of Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dryland Maize under Climate Change
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    摘要:

    以渭北旱塬合陽和長武2個試驗(yàn)站點(diǎn)為研究區(qū)域,,通過多年的玉米田間試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)評估CERES-Maize模型的適用性,,再利用區(qū)域氣候模式RegCM40輸出的氣象數(shù)據(jù)對2050年前玉米單產(chǎn)及生產(chǎn)水足跡進(jìn)行預(yù)測,。結(jié)果表明:CERES-Maize模型可以很好地模擬雨養(yǎng)玉米產(chǎn)量和物候期,,多數(shù)年份二者的絕對相對誤差(Absolute relative error,,ARE)在10%以內(nèi),,CERES-Maize模型在渭北旱塬旱作農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)有很好的適用性,。應(yīng)用CERES-Maize模型模擬玉米生產(chǎn)水足跡,較傳統(tǒng)水足跡計算方法得到的結(jié)果更為精確可靠,。在RCP2.6氣候情景下,,隨著溫度升高和生育期有效降水量的增加,玉米產(chǎn)量呈上升趨勢,;在RCP8.5氣候情景下,,隨著溫度升高和生育期有效降水的減少,,玉米產(chǎn)量呈下降趨勢。氣溫上升幅度過大對玉米單產(chǎn)有明顯的負(fù)面影響,,降水與玉米用水效率呈正相關(guān),。為有效應(yīng)對氣候變化對旱作作物產(chǎn)量造成的負(fù)面影響,應(yīng)采取減少溫室氣體排放量,、增強(qiáng)土壤蓄水保墑能力,、發(fā)展集雨補(bǔ)灌、篩選和培育節(jié)水抗旱新品種等措施,。

    Abstract:

    Rain-fed agriculture is highly susceptible to climatic conditions. Study on analyzing the trend of yield and water use efficiency of rain-fed maize under climate change conditions is useful for agricultural production planning, which can provide adaptation strategies to climate change for agricultural production. Two test sites of Heyang and Changwu in Weibei highland were set as the study area. Experiment data in maize field was used to evaluate the applicability of CERES-Maize. Finally, the meteorological data produced from regional climate model (RegCM4.0) was used to predict maize yield and its water footprint before 2050. Results showed that the CERES-Maize model could precisely simulate the rain-fed maize yield and phenology;the absolute relative error (ARE) of most samples was less than 10%;the CERES-Maize model had good applicability in the rain-fed agricultural area in Weibei highland. Using the CERES-Maize model to simulate the water footprint of maize production was more accurate and reliable than using traditional water footprint calculation method. Under the RCP2.6 climate scenario, maize yield showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature and effective precipitation during the growing season;under the RCP8.5 scenario, maize yield showed a declining trend with increasing temperature and decreasing effective precipitation during the growth period. The excessive temperature rise had an obvious negative effect on maize yield, and the precipitation was positively correlated with the water use efficiency of maize. In order to effectively deal with the negative impact of climate change on the rain-fed crop yields, measures should be adopted, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing soil water storage and preserving moisture capacity, developing rainwater catchment irrigation, and selecting and cultivating water-saving and drought-resistant varieties.

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王玉寶,柴成亮,張鵬,趙旗,何建強(qiáng),孫世坤.氣候變化條件下旱作玉米用水效率與單產(chǎn)變化趨勢分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(8):210-218. WANG Yubao, CHAI Chengliang, ZHANG Peng, ZHAO Qi, HE Jianqiang, SUN Shikun. Trend Analysis of Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dryland Maize under Climate Change[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(8):210-218.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-08-10
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