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大壟玉米原茬地免耕播種機(jī)防堵裝置設(shè)計與優(yōu)化試驗
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201303011)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項資金項目(GARS-04)


Design and Optimization Experiment of Anti-blocking Mechanism of No-tillage Planter for Grand Ridge with Raw Corn Stubble
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    摘要:

    為解決北方寒區(qū)玉米機(jī)收秸稈粉碎覆蓋大壟原茬地免耕播種時易發(fā)生堵塞及地溫回升較慢的問題,,設(shè)計了一種大壟玉米原茬地免耕播種機(jī)的防堵裝置。通過理論分析,設(shè)計了防堵裝置關(guān)鍵部件,,初步得到了該裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)和作業(yè)參數(shù),。應(yīng)用三因素三水平正交試驗方法和模糊綜合評價分析法,,以機(jī)組作業(yè)速度,、清秸刀齒總成轉(zhuǎn)速,、清秸刀齒總成回轉(zhuǎn)軸垂直面與機(jī)具前進(jìn)方向的夾角為試驗因素,,以根茬清除率,、秸稈清除率、防堵裝置當(dāng)量功耗為評價指標(biāo),,對影響防堵裝置性能的結(jié)構(gòu)與作業(yè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了試驗與優(yōu)化研究,。結(jié)果表明:在試驗條件和試驗因素水平范圍內(nèi),影響多目標(biāo)函數(shù)的參數(shù)優(yōu)化組合為機(jī)組作業(yè)速度5.4km/h,、清秸刀齒總成轉(zhuǎn)速440r/min,、清秸刀齒總成回轉(zhuǎn)軸垂直面與機(jī)具前進(jìn)方向的夾角20°,此時,,根茬清除率為93.94%,,秸稈清除率為95.39%,防堵裝置當(dāng)量功耗為4.36kW,,土壤擾動量為31.9%,。

    Abstract:

    For the blocking circumstance in the no-tillage planting operation for grand ridge with crushed raw corn stubble produced by corn harvester in north cold area and slower recovery of ground temperature after planting operation. In order to solve these problems above, an anti-blocking mechanism of no-tillage planter for grand ridge with raw corn stubble was designed. Corn stubble was positioned on the seeding belt, which was continuously struck by the force of cleaning rotating blade on the anti-blocking mechanism. So that the corn stubble reached furrow between adjacent grand ridges, the clean seeding belt on grand ridge was produced for guaranteeing the operation quality of ditch-opening, seeding, soil-covering and compacting. Through theoretical analysis, the key parts of anti-blocking mechanism were designed, and then structure and operation parameters of the mechanism were determined. Orthogonal experiment design of three factors and three levels and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were employed for finding the optimal parameter combination of anti-blocking mechanism. Meanwhile, the working speed of equipment, the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly were selected as factors. Stubble-cleaning rate, straw-cleaning rate and equivalent power dissipation of anti-blocking mechanism were selected as indexes. The result showed that the working speed of equipment had very significant effect on stubble-cleaning rate. The rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly and the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly had significant effect on the stubble-cleaning rate;the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly had very significant effect on the straw-cleaning rate. The working speed of equipment, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly had significant effect on the straw-cleaning rate. The working speed of equipment and the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly had very significant effect on the equivalent power dissipation of antiblocking mechanism. Within the range of experimental conditions and experiment factors, the optimal combination result of parameters that influencing multi-objective function showed that when the working speed of equipment was 5.4km/h and the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly was 440r/min, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly was 20°, the obtained indexes were as follows: the stubblecleaning rate was 93.94%, the strawcleaning rate was 95.39%, the equivalent power dissipation of antiblocking mechanism was 4.36kW, the soil disturbance was 31.9%. The result can provide references for design of no-tillage planter for grand ridge with crushed raw corn stubble produced by corn harvester in north cold area.

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陳海濤,侯磊,侯守印,李煜,閔詩堯,柴譽(yù)鐸.大壟玉米原茬地免耕播種機(jī)防堵裝置設(shè)計與優(yōu)化試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(8):59-67. CHEN Haitao, HOU Lei, HOU Shouyin, LI Yu, MIN Shiyao, CHAI Yuduo. Design and Optimization Experiment of Anti-blocking Mechanism of No-tillage Planter for Grand Ridge with Raw Corn Stubble[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(8):59-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-02-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-08-10
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