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沙區(qū)降解膜覆蓋下滴灌農(nóng)田水氮交互效應(yīng)與模型研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51469022,、51669020,、51539005),、內(nèi)蒙古自然科學(xué)基金項目(2016JQ06),、內(nèi)蒙古水利科技計劃項目和內(nèi)蒙古科技計劃項目


Interaction Effect and Model of Water and Nitrogen under Degradable Film Mulching in Drip Irrigated Sandy Farmland
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    摘要:

    為探索干旱沙區(qū)可降解地膜覆蓋下滴灌農(nóng)田水氮交互效應(yīng)及優(yōu)化組合方案,,提高其水氮利用效率,,在內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭布和沙區(qū)進(jìn)行2年可降解膜覆蓋下的滴灌田間試驗,,設(shè)置了低水(2016年165mm,、2017年195mm),、中水(2016年247.5mm,、2017年292.5mm)和高水(2016年330mm、2017年390mm)3個灌溉定額水平及低氮(140kg/hm2),、中氮(210kg/hm2)和高氮(280kg/hm2)3個施氮量水平,,并以普通塑料地膜覆蓋的3個水分處理作為對照,采用隨機(jī)完全組合設(shè)計,,共計12個處理,。研究了可降解地膜覆蓋下不同水氮供應(yīng)對干旱沙區(qū)玉米產(chǎn)量及水氮利用效率的影響,建立了可降解地膜覆蓋下滴灌農(nóng)田玉米水氮耦合模型,,并對組合方案進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,。結(jié)果表明:與普通塑料地膜覆蓋相比,可降解地膜覆蓋下水分利用效率(WUE)明顯較低,,而在水分充足條件下(高水)玉米產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素,、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力(PFPN)無顯著差異??山到獾啬じ采w下灌水量和施氮量均對玉米的產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素,、WUE和 PFPN有顯著影響。灌水量與施氮量存在明顯的交互效應(yīng),,較低的灌溉定額限制了氮素利用,,從低水到中水處理2年玉米PFPN和產(chǎn)量平均增長36.87%和37.18%,而從中水到高水其增長僅為5.93%和6.22%,;同樣較低的施氮量也限制了水分的利用,,從低氮到中氮處理2年玉米WUE和產(chǎn)量平均分別增長了7.99%和18.81%,而從中氮到高氮WUE增長為-3.66%,,產(chǎn)量僅增長3.35%,,而2年最大產(chǎn)量均出現(xiàn)在高水中氮處理,分別為13875.16,、13805.02kg/hm2,。在沙區(qū)可降解地膜覆蓋下滴灌農(nóng)田中,灌溉定額,、施氮量與玉米產(chǎn)量之間符合二元二次回歸模型,,該模型預(yù)測玉米產(chǎn)量與實際產(chǎn)量呈高度相關(guān)(2016、2017年R2分別為0.978、0.988),,通過主因素分析水氮增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)的因素,,由大到小依次為:灌水量、施氮量,,產(chǎn)量隨水氮量的增加均呈先增加后減小的趨勢,。經(jīng)模型尋優(yōu),得出不同目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量下的水,、氮最佳組合方案,,本試驗高水中氮處理的水氮配比下的產(chǎn)量13000~14000kg/hm2目標(biāo)范圍內(nèi),且WUE,、PFPN較高,,可作為干旱沙區(qū)可降解地膜覆蓋下較為合理的水肥管理模式和技術(shù)參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the interaction effect of water and nitrogen, approach optimum management pattern and improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies under the degradable film mulching in arid desert drip irrigated farmland, two years’ experiments were conducted under degradable film mulching drip irrigation fields in Wulanbuhe sand areas, Inner Mongolia. There were three irrigation amount levels, including low (165mm in 2016 and 195mm in 2017), medium (247.5mm in 2016 and 292.5mm in 2017) and high (330mm in 2016 and 390mm in 2017), and three nitrogen levels: low nitrogen (140kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (210kg/hm2) and high nitrogen (280kg/hm2) with three irrigation amount treatments under plastic film mulching as control, and the twelve treatments were randomized complete combination design. The effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on maize yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies under degradable film mulching in arid sandy area were researched, and the coupling model of water and nitrogen about maize in drip irrigated farmland under degradable film mulching was established and optimized. The results showed that the water use efficiency (WUE) under degradable film mulching was significantly lower compared with that under plastic film mulching. However, there was no significant difference in yield, its components and partial productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) under sufficient water conditions. The irrigation and nitrogen amounts would significantly influence the maize yield and the components, WUE and PFPN under degradable film mulching. There were clearly interaction effect among different water and nitrogen treatments, and the lower irrigation amount would restrict nitrogen utilization. The PFPN and maize yield had an average of 36.87% and 37.18% increase in two years’ experiment when irrigation amount was changed from low to medium, however, it was just about 5.93% and 6.22% increase when the irrigation amount was changed from medium to high;the lower nitrogen application also would restrict soil water utilization, the WUE and maize yield had an average of 7.99% and 18.81% increase in two years’ experiment when nitrogen application was changed from low to medium, however, it was -3.66% for WUE, and just 3.35% for yield when nitrogen application was changed from medium to high;the maximum yield in 2016 and 2017 was 13875.16kg/hm2 and 13805.02kg/hm2, respectively, which were all in high irrigation amount and medium nitrogen application treatment. There were good dualistic and quadric regression relationship among irrigation amount, nitrogen application and yield under the degradable film mulching in arid desert drip irrigated farmland, and the determination coefficient R2 for 2016 and 2017 was 0.978 and 0.988, respectively. The main factor analysis for regression model revealed that the effect of irrigation on yield was greater than that of nitrogen, and the yield was increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen. The irrigation and nitrogen application under different target yields was obtained through model optimization. In the experiment, the optimum water and nitrogen ratio was high irrigation amount and medium nitrogen application treatment, and the yield was in target range of 13000~14000kg/hm2 with relatively high WUE and PFPN. Therefore, it can be used as a reasonable technical and theoretical reference for the water and nitrogen management under the degradable film mulching in arid desert drip irrigated farmland.

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李仙岳,丁宗江,閆建文,郭宇,冷旭,王美榮.沙區(qū)降解膜覆蓋下滴灌農(nóng)田水氮交互效應(yīng)與模型研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(7):261-270. LI Xianyue, DING Zongjiang, YAN Jianwen, GUO Yu, LENG Xu, WANG Meirong. Interaction Effect and Model of Water and Nitrogen under Degradable Film Mulching in Drip Irrigated Sandy Farmland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):261-270.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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