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免耕播種機(jī)精量穴施肥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51275318)和農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201503116-09)


Design and Test on No-tillage Planter Precise Hole Fertilization System
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米精量穴施肥農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)要求,提高穴施肥質(zhì)量,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種穴施肥控制系統(tǒng),。應(yīng)用顆粒系統(tǒng)仿真軟件EDEM對(duì)穴施肥控制裝置成穴性能進(jìn)行了仿真研究,,表明穴施肥裝置在播種速度3~7km/h時(shí),,鴨嘴閥成穴性能較好,,成穴性能隨著播種機(jī)速度增加逐漸減弱,。通過穴施肥控制算法,,調(diào)節(jié)種子脫離排種口與肥料脫離排肥口的時(shí)間間隔t3,控制穴施肥料與穴播種子水平距離a,,實(shí)現(xiàn)穴施肥位置控制,;調(diào)節(jié)排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速和鴨嘴閥開合頻率,實(shí)現(xiàn)穴施肥量控制,。采用正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),,以播種機(jī)行進(jìn)速度、鴨嘴閥旋轉(zhuǎn)角,、穴施肥裝置安裝高度為試驗(yàn)因素,,穴距精度和穴施肥量精度為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),,應(yīng)用響應(yīng)面分析法,進(jìn)行三因素五水平正交試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,,在播種機(jī)行進(jìn)速度為7km/h,最佳參數(shù)組合為:旋轉(zhuǎn)角33.37°,,安裝高度17.30cm,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在播種機(jī)行進(jìn)速度3~7km/h,,旋轉(zhuǎn)角33.37°,安裝高度17.30cm時(shí),,穴距精度可達(dá)84.76%,,穴施肥量精度可達(dá)87.20%,滿足玉米精量穴施肥控制技術(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)要求,。

    Abstract:

    A hole fertilization system was designed to satisfy the technology demand on precise hole fertilization agriculture which applied a discrete element method software EDEM to simulate the hole fertilization controlling device. The result demonstrated that the mean hole distance was 24.90cm, 23.79cm and 23.28cm, respectively, when planter speed was 3km/h, 5km/h and 7km/h, and the soil opener working performance of the hole fertilization system was weakened as the speed of the planter was increased. Based on the hole fertilization controlling algorithm, the hole fertilization position controlling was achieved by adjusting the time interval between the seed out of the seed outlet and the fertilizer out of the fertilizer outlet (t3) and controlling the horizontal distance between the fertilizer and the seeds (a);the hole fertilization amount controlling was achieved by adjusting the opening and closing frequency of the fertilizer axis speed and the duckbill valve. Based on the orthogonal rotation design test of quadratic regression and the response surface methodology, the speed of the seeding machine, the opening and closing angle of the duckbill valve and the installment height of the hole fertilization device were taken as test factors, the precision of hole distance and the precision of the fertilization amount were taken as test indicators to implement the orthogonal test. The result showed that the precision of hole distance and the fertilization amount was 86.03% and 84.60%, respectively, when the speed of the seeding machine, the opening and closing angle of the duckbill valve and the installment height of the hole fertilization was 7km/h, 33.37° and 17.30cm when the hole fertilization was at optimum working performance. By testing on the precision of hole distance and the fertilization amount with the opening and closing angle and the installment of 33.37° and 17.30cm, the speed of the planter as 3km/h, 5km/h and 7km/h, the field validation test result was similar to the theoretical result. Furthermore, the precision of the hole fertilization controlling system was decreased slightly as the moving speed was increased and the precision of hole distance and the fertilization amount was 84.76% and 87.20%, respectively, which can satisfy the precision and amount controlling demands on the hole fertilization of corn.

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吳南,林靜,李寶筏.免耕播種機(jī)精量穴施肥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(7):64-72. WU Nan, LIN Jing, LI Baofa. Design and Test on No-tillage Planter Precise Hole Fertilization System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):64-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-02-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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