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一年兩熟地區(qū)保護性耕作深松試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)部保護性耕作試驗監(jiān)測基地建設項目(2013—2016年)


Sub-soiling Experiment on Double Cropping and Conservation Tillage Adopted Area
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    摘要:

    為深入了解深松對產(chǎn)量的影響,,2013—2017年連續(xù)5年進行了深松試驗,,初步證明小麥玉米一年兩熟區(qū),,采用保護性耕作免耕后,實施深松能取得明顯增產(chǎn)效果,。夏深松的效果優(yōu)于秋深松,5年平均值夏深松比不深松增產(chǎn)5.9%,,比秋深松增產(chǎn)2.3%,,同時作業(yè)費用較低,大面積應用有利農(nóng)戶增產(chǎn)增收,。但在夏季干旱嚴重又缺乏灌溉條件的地區(qū),,仍需采用秋深松。深松對作業(yè)當季產(chǎn)量影響最大,,試驗的8季收獲中6季為當季產(chǎn)量最高,。連續(xù)多年深松存在明顯的增產(chǎn)效應遞減現(xiàn)象,夏深松第1年增產(chǎn)18%,,此后逐年降為6.3%,、3.9%、3.4%,、1.7%,。增產(chǎn)效應遞減反映出深松對產(chǎn)量影響的兩面性:既有疏松土壤、增加田間持水量等正面影響,,也有降低播種質量,、遲緩土壤有機質積累、減少土壤細菌數(shù)量等負面影響,,負面影響逐年增大,,深松增產(chǎn)效應逐步下降。當增產(chǎn)幅度低于2%時,,深松將增產(chǎn)不增收,。從本試驗看,夏深松第5年,、秋深松第3年增產(chǎn)幅度降至投入大于產(chǎn)出的拐點,。合理的深松周期需因地制宜,尚需通過進一步試驗來確定,。

    Abstract:

    From the sub-soiling experiment during five years (2013—2017), it is preliminarily approved that the yield was obviously increased by sub-soiling applied in the continual no-tillage field. The highest yield related with sub-soiling would be happened at current season of operation, searching totally eight harvest seasons, and six seasons had the highest yield at current season of sub-soiling. Adoption of sub-soiling in summer had 5.9% higher yield than no sub-soiling, and 2.3% higher than in autumn, besides, summer sub-soiling had better power using efficiency and lower operation cost. Therefore, summer sub-soiling had better prospect on extension, but the autumn sub-soiling would be preferentially adopted in drought summer and poor irrigation area. An outstanding event in the trial was the decline of yield increasing rate, for summer sub-soiling, the first year had 18% of yield increase, since then, the yield increasing rate was quickly declined to 6.3%, 3.9%,3.4% and 1.7% in the second, third, fourth and fifth year. The decline of yield increase rate reflected double aspects of sub-soiling influence. It had positive aspect by loosing soil and holding more water in the field, but also had negative aspect by depressing of sowing quality, reducing of soil organic matter content and soil bacteria. The negative influence would be accumulated year by year, thus yield increase rate was gradually declined. Sub-soiling was an energy consuming operation, from roughly calculation, while yield increase rate was lower than 2% around, adoption of sub-soiling became input larger than output. From the yield decline trend in the trial, at fifth year of continued summer sub-soiling, at third year of continued autumn sub-soiling, the yield increase rate would reach the turnoff point. To reasonably determine the period of sub-soiling, further experiment was necessary.

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何明,高煥文,董培巖,崔德杰,趙文閣.一年兩熟地區(qū)保護性耕作深松試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(7):58-63. HE Ming, GAO Huanwen, DONG Peiyan, CUI Dejie, ZHAO Wenge. Sub-soiling Experiment on Double Cropping and Conservation Tillage Adopted Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):58-63.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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