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水田電動雙行深施肥除草機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(SQ2018YFD030041、2016YFD0300909-04),、黑龍江省普通本科高等學(xué)校青年創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)計劃項目(UNPYSCT-2016129),、東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)骨干項目(16XG09),、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51205056)和博士后研究人員落戶黑龍江科研啟動項目(LBH-Q17012)


Design and Experiment of Electric Control Double Row Deep Fertilizing Weeder in Paddy Field
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    摘要:

    針對水稻分蘗期施肥和除草作業(yè)過程中存在作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)多,、環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,、營養(yǎng)分布不均勻等問題,,結(jié)合水稻分蘗期深施肥和行間除草的農(nóng)藝特點(diǎn),,設(shè)計了一種可同步完成水稻分蘗肥深施和行間除草的水田電動雙行深施肥除草機(jī)。根據(jù)達(dá)朗貝爾原理,,對機(jī)具啟動加速階段進(jìn)行動力學(xué)分析,,建立主動除草輪所需驅(qū)動力矩數(shù)學(xué)模型,得到主動除草輪所需最大驅(qū)動力矩理論值為59.05N·m,,完成深施肥裝置控制系統(tǒng)與機(jī)具行走控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,。采用二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合設(shè)計,以機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度和葉片開口直徑為影響因素,,以施肥均勻性施肥量均值和施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)為響應(yīng)指標(biāo),,利用JPS-12型排種器檢測試驗臺對深施肥裝置的排肥性能進(jìn)行臺架試驗,運(yùn)用Design-Expert軟件對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方差分析與響應(yīng)面分析,,得到影響因素與響應(yīng)指標(biāo)之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,,并對數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明:在前進(jìn)速度0.40m/s,,葉片開口直徑16mm的條件下,,施肥均勻性施肥量均值為0.20g,施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)最小值為21.7%,。對機(jī)具進(jìn)行田間性能試驗,,當(dāng)葉片開口直徑16mm,機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度0.40m/s,,給定施肥量為67.5kg/hm2時,,施肥量偏差控制在3.54%以內(nèi),機(jī)具在不同前進(jìn)速度情況下除草率均不小于78.5%,,滿足水稻分蘗肥深施和行間除草的農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the issues of fertilization and weeding operations in paddy field during the tillering stage, there are many problems in the operation, serious environmental pollution and uneven nutrition distribution. A kind of rice planting that can be completed synchronously in combination with the agronomic characteristics of deep fertilization and weeding at the tillering stage was designed. According to the D’Alembert’s principle, the dynamics analysis of the start-up acceleration stage of the implement was carried out, and the mathematical model of the driving torque required for the active weeding wheel was established. The theoretical value of the maximum driving torque required for the active weeding wheel was 59.05N·m, and the control system for the deep fertilization device was completed. And walking control system design was implemented. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design was adopted. The tool forward speed and the blade opening diameter were the influencing factors. The average fertilization amount and the variation coefficient of fertilization uniformity were used as the response indicators. The JPS-12 seed metering instrument was used to test the test rig. A bench test was performed on the row fertilizer performance of the deep fertilization device. The variance analysis and response surface analysis of the test data were performed by using Design-Expert software. The mathematical model between the influencing factors and the response indicators was obtained. The mathematical model was optimized and the optimization results showed that at a forward speed of 0.40m/sand a blade opening diameter of 16mm, the average fertilization amount of fertilization was 0.20g, and the minimum value of fertility uniformity was 21.7%. Field performance tests were carried out on the implements. When the blade opening diameter was 16mm, the implement advance speed was 0.40m/s, and the given fertilizer amount was 67.5kg/hm2, the fertilizer amount deviation was controlled within 3.54%, and the implements were used for weeding at different forward speeds. All of them were greater than 78.5%, which met the agronomic requirements for deep tillering and inter-row weeding in paddy field.

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王金峰,高觀保,閆東偉,王金武,翁武雄,陳博聞.水田電動雙行深施肥除草機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(7):46-57. WANG Jinfeng, GAO Guanbao, YAN Dongwei, WANG Jinwu, WENG Wuxiong, CHEN Bowen. Design and Experiment of Electric Control Double Row Deep Fertilizing Weeder in Paddy Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):46-57.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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