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精量播種機V型凹槽撥輪式導(dǎo)種部件設(shè)計與試驗
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2014BAD11B01)、黑龍江省博士后科研啟動基金項目(LBH-Q16026)和黑龍江省重大科技招標(biāo)項目(GA14B101-01)


Design and Experiment on V-groove Dialing Round Type Guiding-seed Device
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    摘要:

    為提高導(dǎo)種投送均勻性與穩(wěn)定性,滿足精量播種作業(yè)要求,設(shè)計了一種V型凹槽撥輪式導(dǎo)種部件,對其滑移導(dǎo)種曲線、V型凹槽和柔性撥種輪進行優(yōu)化分析。依據(jù)離散元法建立導(dǎo)種部件-玉米籽粒間作用模型,運用EDEM軟件對導(dǎo)種投送環(huán)節(jié)進行虛擬仿真,分析籽粒在導(dǎo)種管內(nèi)滑移狀態(tài)。以勺式玉米排種器為排種載體,結(jié)合正交試驗設(shè)計和虛擬仿真技術(shù)進行多因素正交旋轉(zhuǎn)試驗,以機具前進速度、排種器工作轉(zhuǎn)速和導(dǎo)種曲線投種點切線傾角為試驗因素,合格指數(shù)與變異系數(shù)為試驗指標(biāo),采用多目標(biāo)變量優(yōu)化方法建立因素與指標(biāo)間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,運用Design-Expert 6.0.10軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理優(yōu)化。仿真表明,當(dāng)前進速度、工作轉(zhuǎn)速和切線傾角分別為7.69km/h、29.47r/min和46.10°時,導(dǎo)種均勻性及穩(wěn)定性最優(yōu),其合格指數(shù)為92.05%,變異系數(shù)為8.00%。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用室內(nèi)臺架開展了高速攝像測定試驗、性能對比試驗及振動適應(yīng)試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,多數(shù)籽粒在導(dǎo)種管內(nèi)以平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)滑移,極少數(shù)出現(xiàn)不規(guī)則碰撞及翻滾;所設(shè)計的導(dǎo)種部件對不同類型玉米籽粒適應(yīng)性良好,且其合格指數(shù)與無導(dǎo)種管基本相同,變異系數(shù)優(yōu)于可伸縮塑料導(dǎo)種管、弧形導(dǎo)種管及無導(dǎo)種管,可適用于勺式、指夾式和氣吸式玉米排種器;在振動幅度為1~3mm、振動頻率為1~4Hz工況下,振動幅度及頻率對導(dǎo)種部件作業(yè)均勻性影響較小。

    Abstract:

    A V-groove dialing round type guiding-seed device was designed to improve the uniformity and stability of planting and meet the requirements of precision planting. The overall structure and working principle of the precision guiding-seed device were illustrated and analyzed. The optimal design of structural parameters of key components was conducted, such as guiding curve, V-groove and dialing round. The interaction model of machinery and maize was established by using discrete element method. The scoop-type metering device was taken as the seeding object and EDEM software was employed to simulate the guiding-seed process. And then the dynamic behaviors of maize were researched under the working conditions. Orthogonal simulation experiments were carried out based on numerical simulation technology with forward speed, rotational speed, tangent angle as experimental factors and with qualified index and coefficient of variation as assessment consumption. Based on experimental data, a mathematical model was built, and the experimental factors were optimized by Design-Expert 6.0.10 software, the best combination was achieved. The simulation results showed that as the forward speed was 7.69km/h, rotational speed was 29.47r/min, tangent angle was 46.10°, and the qualified index was 92.05%, the coefficient of variation was 8.00%, which could meet the requirements of precision planting. On this basis, the high-speed photography experiment, comparison performance experiment and vibration adaptation experiment were carried out. The experimental results showed that the majority of grains were slipping in a steady state in the tube and few irregular impacts and tumbling. The V-groove dialing round type guiding-seed device had better adaptability to different maize grains which could be used in conjunction with scoop-type, pickup finger-type and air suction-type precision seed metering device. Its qualified index was similar to that of unguided tube, and coefficient of variation was higher than those of retractable plastic guide tube, curved guide tube and unguided tube. Under the normal operating conditions (vibration amplitude was 1~3mm, and vibration frequency was 1~4Hz), the vibration amplitude and frequency had little effect on the homogeneity of the guided parts.

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趙淑紅,陳君執(zhí),王加一,陳佳奇,楊超,楊悅乾.精量播種機V型凹槽撥輪式導(dǎo)種部件設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(6):146-158. ZHAO Shuhong, CHEN Junzhi, WANG Jiayi, CHEN Jiaqi, YANG Chao, YANG Yueqian. Design and Experiment on V-groove Dialing Round Type Guiding-seed Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):146-158.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-12-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-06-10
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