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條帶式旋切后拋防堵裝置設計與試驗
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系建設專項資金項目(CARS-03)、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503136)和教育部創(chuàng)新團隊發(fā)展計劃項目(IRT13039)


Design and Experiment of Strip Rotary-cut-throw Anti-blocking Implement
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    摘要:

    針對我國華北平原一年兩熟區(qū)玉米秸稈覆蓋地小麥少免耕播種機易堵塞,、動力防堵裝置功耗大等問題,,設計了一種條帶式旋切后拋防堵裝置。結合防堵裝置工作原理,,從秸稈流動,、拋撒、防堵裝置受力角度分析確定影響防堵性能和功耗的關鍵因素為:防堵裝置與開溝器間距,、旋切刀滑切角,、刀軸轉速;通過離散元模擬仿真與正交試驗有限元仿真結合,,以秸稈擁堵量和作業(yè)功耗為性能評價指標,,對防堵單體和開溝器的組合裝置進行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,仿真結果表明,,旋切刀滑切角為50°,、刀軸轉速為320r/min、間距為100mm時綜合作業(yè)質量較優(yōu),,防堵單體及開溝器功耗為2.8kW,,秸稈擁堵量為43根/dm,通過性能良好,;對優(yōu)選方案旋切刀進行有限元校核,,其最大應力為1.387×108Pa,滿足強度要求,。在玉米秸稈覆蓋地進行了小麥播種田間試驗,,結果表明,條帶式旋切后拋防堵裝置在3種秸稈覆蓋量0.8,、1.6,、2.4kg/m2和3種前進速度1、1.25、1.5m/s作業(yè)條件下,,通過性能均滿足免耕施肥播種機國標要求,,所設計旋切刀與傳統(tǒng)旋耕刀相比,在通過性能基本一致的情況下,,功耗減小13.83%,,土壤擾動量減小37.5個百分點,溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)提高8.2個百分點,。

    Abstract:

    According to the existing problems of no and minimum-till wheat seeding in maize straw covered field in double-cropping system area in North-China Plain, such as residue blockage, high power consumption, a strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement was developed. Integrated with the principle of anti-blocking implement, the distance L between opener and the anti-blocking implement, sliding-cutting angle τ of the plane-straight blade and rotary speed n were found to be the key parameters which affected anti-blocking performance and power consumption through analysis in terms of residue flow/throwing and mechanical analysis of the implement. Orthogonal experiment was conducted by DEM simulation to optimize the parameters of the implement and analyze the key parameters’ effect on residue blockage and power consumption, the result showed that when the distance was 100mm, cutting edge was 50°, rotate speed was 320r/min, which were optimum parameters set among the trail points, power consumption of the strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement and the opener was 2.8kW, blocked straw number was 43 in one dm and it could not cause blockage, and then strength check was conducted for this optimum blade by using finite element method and the maximum stress was 1.387×108Pa of which was safe. Field experiment of wheat seeding was conducted on a no-till maize straw covered field, the result showed that strip cut-throw plane-straight blade anti-blocking implement could effectively solve the problem of blockage almost as good as traditional rotary blade under straw coverage of 0.8 kg/m2, 1.6kg/m2 and 2.4kg/m2 at travel speed of 1m/s, 1.25m/s and 1.5m/s, which satisfied the requirements of national standard of no-till fertilization seeder. Compared with strip-rotary implement, power consumption was reduced by 13.83%, soil disturbance was reduced by 37.5 percent points and furrow depth stability was improved by 8.2 percent points. The error of DEM simulation to field experiment in furrow width and depth was 14% and 1.3%, which was tolerable, and the simulation could be referenced to the optimization of strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement.

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趙宏波,何進,李洪文,劉春鴿,鄭侃,章志強.條帶式旋切后拋防堵裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(5):65-75. ZHAO Hongbo, HE Jin, LI Hongwen, LIU Chunge, ZHENG Kan, ZHANG Zhiqiang. Design and Experiment of Strip Rotary-cut-throw Anti-blocking Implement[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):65-75.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-05-10
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