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土地結構改變對水土資源平衡的影響分析
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黑龍江省科學基金項目(E2017009)


Influence of Land Structure Change on Balance of Soil and Water Resources
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    摘要:

    依據FH69藍圖模型思想和基于微觀理論的格子波爾茲曼法(LBM)改進了TOPMODEL,進而構建了基于LBM的柵格型(Grid)TOPMODEL(LBMGTOPMODEL)。在利用LBMGTOPMODEL描述流域水循環(huán)的基礎上,,采用GIS等技術,,以柵格為單元,,定量計算了撓力河流域1990年不考慮水田的土地分布和2013年考慮水田的土地分布等兩類土地利用背景下的帕默爾干旱指數(shù)(PDSI),,評價了土地結構變化對水土資源平衡的影響,。研究結果表明:從1990—2013年期間撓力河流域草地,、林地與建筑用地面積變化不大,,耕地面積變化主要是未利用地和旱田轉化為水田,耕地類型主要是旱地,;水稻生育期內的5—8月上旬期間,,旱改水田和水田下游坡面處其蒸散發(fā)量增加,補水量減小,,失水量增加,,適宜降雨量增加,,使得撓力河流域蒸散常數(shù)增大,補水常數(shù)減小,,徑流常數(shù)增大,,失水常數(shù)增大,氣候特征常數(shù)增大,;種植水田處和坡面上水田水流影響處適宜降雨量增加明顯,,使撓力河流域由輕微濕潤地區(qū)變?yōu)椴桓刹粷竦貐^(qū);在水田生育期的5—7月間隨著時間延續(xù),,兩種情況計算的干旱指數(shù)差值在變大,;而8—10月間種植水田對干旱指數(shù)的影響在逐漸降低,。該研究結果可為水田開發(fā)對區(qū)域水土資源平衡的影響和區(qū)域干旱評估提供借鑒和參考,。

    Abstract:

    Few models were constructed to depict the influence of land structure change on water and soil resources balance, most of which were based on the simple water balance equation or conceptual model and hardly reflected the influence of uneven spatial distribution and change of water and soil resources on water and soil resources balance. Based on the conception of FH69 blueprint model and LBM, grid LBMGTOPMODEL was constructed. PDSI index of Naolihe River Basin was calculated quantitatively by means of LBMGTOPMODEL and GIS taking grid as a unit, based on data in 1990 without paddy farmland and data in 2013 with paddy farmland. And then the impact of land structure change on water and soil resources balance was assessed according to the PDSI index. Results showed that there was little change of areas of grassland, woodland and building land during 1990—2013. The change of farmland was mainly due to turn of unused land and drought farmland into paddy farmland, but the draught farmland was still the main type of farmland. During rice growth period from May to early August, the increase of evapotranspiration, decrease of water supply, increase of water loss, and increase of suitable rainfall in downstream slope of paddy farmland resulted in the increase of evapotranspiration constant and decrease of water supply constant, and corresponding increase of runoff constant, water loss constant and climate characteristic constant in Naolihe River basin. The frequency of suitable rainfall in paddy was increased obviously, which converted Naolihe River Basin from slight humid region into appropriate farmland, not too wet or too drought. The difference of draught index under two conditions was enlarged at the growth stage of paddy farmland during May and July, while the influence of paddy farmland on draught was decreased as the decrease of water demand of paddy farmland. The results can provide reference for the influence of paddy farmland development on regional water and soil resources balance and regional drought assessment.

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宮興龍,付強,關英紅,邢貞相,王斌,張盟.土地結構改變對水土資源平衡的影響分析[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(4):319-329. GONG Xinglong, FU Qiang, GUAN Yinghong, XING Zhenxiang, WANG Bin, ZHANG Meng. Influence of Land Structure Change on Balance of Soil and Water Resources[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):319-329.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-04-10
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