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基于自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航的小麥精準(zhǔn)對(duì)行深施追肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200604)


Design and Experiment of Deep Fertilizer Applicator Based on Autonomous Navigation for Precise Row-following
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)冬小麥返青期地表追施氮肥使氮素?fù)]發(fā)導(dǎo)致肥料利用率低的問題,,結(jié)合目前在小麥追肥過程中缺少深施氮肥作業(yè)裝備的現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)行了基于拖拉機(jī)自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)對(duì)行深施氮肥的技術(shù)研究,,設(shè)計(jì)了小麥精準(zhǔn)對(duì)行精量深施追肥機(jī),。追肥機(jī)采用安裝有自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的拖拉機(jī)牽引實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)對(duì)行,,以RTK-GNSS接收機(jī)測(cè)取的作業(yè)速度為基準(zhǔn),,通過液壓系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)排肥機(jī)構(gòu)工作,,雙圓盤開溝器開溝深施,,采用PID控制排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速與車輛行駛速度實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)匹配,,達(dá)到精量控制追肥量的目的,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:設(shè)置目標(biāo)追肥量為200kg/hm2,車輛行駛速度為5km/h時(shí),,追肥機(jī)能完成對(duì)行深施追肥作業(yè),,機(jī)具對(duì)行作業(yè)誤差在±6cm以內(nèi),追肥量偏差小于9%,,可滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需求,;對(duì)照撒肥機(jī)表層撒肥作業(yè),每公頃減施氮肥25kg左右,,小麥每公頃增產(chǎn)486.5kg左右,。

    Abstract:

    Broadcasting application of nitrogen at returning green stage results in ammonia volatilization and low nitrogen use efficiency. At present, the mechanized topdressing equipment is lacking in China, the precise fertilizer deep applicator was designed to meet the demand of mechanized subsurface topdressing fertilization for wheat, the precise row-following and accurate deep fertilizing method were studied based on autonomous navigation system. The applicator was driven by tractor mounted with autonomous navigation system to realize specific row-following operation, the speed of applicator was resolved by taking advantage of RTK-GNSS technology, the fertilizer application was driven by hydraulic system, double-disc opener opened a ditch to realize deep fertilizing, closed-loop PID control system was used to control motor speed and realize real-time rotation rate adjustment to achieve accurately control fertilizer amount. Field experiments were conducted to examine the performance of applicator, results indicated that: when the fertilizer amount was preseted to be 200kg/hm2, tractor speed at 5km/h, the row-following deviation within ±6cm, the dynamic deviation of fertilizer amount deviation within 9%, which met the practical demand;compared with broadcasting application by fertilizer distributor, the amount of nitrogen was decreased by 25kg/hm2, grain yield was increased by 486.5kg/hm2. The applicator could achieve precise deep topdressing fertilization for wheat and be equipped for precision agriculture.

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馮慧敏,高娜娜,孟志軍,陳立平,李由,郭玉明.基于自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航的小麥精準(zhǔn)對(duì)行深施追肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(4):60-67. FENG Huimin, GAO Na’na, MENG Zhijun, CHEN Liping, LI You, GUO Yuming. Design and Experiment of Deep Fertilizer Applicator Based on Autonomous Navigation for Precise Row-following[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):60-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-12-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-04-10
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